Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCAT > Circulatory & Respiratory Systems > Flashcards

Circulatory & Respiratory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

heart

A
  • right side pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (towards lungs)
  • left side pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (thru body)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

atria

A

-thin-walled upper chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ventricles

A

-muscular lower chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

valves

A
  • atrioventricular valve: b/w atria and ventricles, prevent back flow
  • tricuspid valve: right side, 3 cusps
  • mitral valve: left side, 2 cusps
  • semilunar valve: b/w left ventricle and aorta & right ventricle and pulmonary artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

heart beat

A

made up of 2 phases, systole and diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

systole

A

ventricles contract, forcing blood out of the heart into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

diastole

A

cardiac muscle relaxation, during which blood drains into all 4 chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cardiac output

A
  • total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute
  • heart rate x stroke volume (vol of blood pumped out of left ventricle per contraction)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sinoatrial node (pacemaker)

A
  • small mass of tissue in the right atrium

- spreads impulses thru atria, stimulating them to contract simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

atrioventricular node

A

-slowly conducts impulses to the rest of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bundle of His (AV bundle)

A

-after AV node impulse travels here then thru left and right bundle branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

-after AV bundle impulses travel thru these in the walls of the ventricles and generates a strong contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ANS modifies the:

A

rate of heart contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

arteries

A

thick-walled, muscular elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart, except the pulmonary artery (transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

veins

A
  • relatively thin-walled, inelastic vessels that conduct deoxygenated blood to the heart, except pulmonary vein (oxygenated blood from lungs to heart)
  • have valves to prevent back flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

capillaries

A

-smallest diameter of the 3 vessels, RBC travel thru in single file line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lymph vessels

A

transport excess interstitial fluid (lymph) to the cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lacteals

A

smallest lymph vessels, collect fats (chylomicrons) from the villi and deliver them to blood, bypassing the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

plasma

A
  • liquid portion of blood

- mix of nutrients, salts, gases, wastes, hormones, and blood proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

leukocytes

A

WBCs, protective functions

21
Q

platelets

A

cell fragments that lack nuclei, involved in clot formation

22
Q

erythrocytes

A
  • RBCs, oxygen-carrying component of blood
  • formed from stem cells in bone marrow
  • disk-like shape that increases surface area for gas exchange and greater flexibility
  • contains hemoglobin which binds oxygen (oxyhemoglobin)
23
Q

2 groups of RBC antigens

A

ABO group and Rh factor

24
Q

type AB

A

“universal recipient”, no antibodies so it won’t reject

25
Q

type O

A

“universal donor”, no antigens so it will not elect a response form the recipients immune system

26
Q

Rh factor

A

-important during pregnancy

27
Q

transport of gases

A
  • erythrocytes transport O2 (hemoglobin binds to O2)

- Hb also binds to CO2

28
Q

transport of nutrients and waste

A
  • AA and simple sugars are absorbed at intestinal capillaries and transported thru the body
  • waste products diffuse into capillaries
29
Q

platelet plug

A

-aggregation of platelets

30
Q

thromboplastin

A

-clotting factor that converts plasma protein (prothrombin) to its active form (thrombin)

31
Q

thrombin

A

converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which coats the damaged area and traps blood cells to form a clot

32
Q

serum

A

fluid left after blood clotting

33
Q

clotting cascade

A

complex series of reactions leading to clotting

34
Q

respiratory system

A

air enters the lungs after traveling thru a series of respiratory airways (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli)

35
Q

alveoli

A

air-filled sacs at the terminals of airway branches where gas exchange b/w lungs and circulatory system occur

36
Q

ventilation

A

-process by which air is inhaled and exhaled

37
Q

inhalation

A
  • diaphragm contracts and flattens, and intercostal muscles contract pushing the rib cage and chest wall up and out
  • thoracic cavity increases in volume and lungs explained and fill with air
38
Q

exhalation

A

-diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, decreases in thoracic volume forces air out of the alveoli and lungs deflate

39
Q

surfactant

A
  • protein complex excreted by cells in the lungs

- keeps lungs from collapsing

40
Q

respiratory centers

A

-regulates ventilation, located in the medulla oblongata, which stimulates intercostal muscles or diaphragm to contract

41
Q

chemoreceptors

A

-regulate oxygen-blood levels, indirectly stimulate the respiratory center

42
Q

pulmonary capillaries

A

-surround the alveoli, gas exchange occurs by diffusion across these (from high pp to low pp)

43
Q

total lung capacity

A

-max volume of air the lungs can hold

44
Q

tidal volume

A

at rest, humans only breathe as much as needed, smaller capacity than total lung capacity

45
Q

vital capacity

A

max amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after the deepest breath

46
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

difference b/w vital capacity and the upper limit of tidal volume

47
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

difference b/w vital capacity and lower limit of tidal volume

48
Q

residual volume

A

lungs will never normally empty completely (difference b/w vital capacity and total lung capacity)

PCAT (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions