Integument & Immune Systems Flashcards
integument
- provides a physical barrier to prevent the entrance of pathogens into the body
- composed of skin, hair, nails
skin microbe
- aka skin flora
- microorganisms that live on the surface of the human ski, prevent other more harmful organisms from occupying the space
skin
-sebaceous glands in the skin secrete oil on the skin to keep its pH acidic, which decreases bacterial growth
sweat
- secreted form other glands and helps cool the skin
- contains enzymes that help destroy bacterial cell walls
dermis
-contains blood supply to the skin and most of the specialized cells
epidermis
-top layer, contains keratinocytes
hair
- directs sweat and waste away from the skin
- sensory organ, allows detection of motion
mucous
- help prevent foreign organisms from entering the body and resist infection
- secretions in the nose and eyes
nails
-protect the tips of the fingers and toes from physical injury
immune system
- plays a key role in destruction of internal pathogens
- recognizes antigens (foreign cells) and mounts a response against them
inflammatory response
- nonspecific defense mechanism
- WBCs are activated and release chemicals (histamine) to activate the immune response
- this response dilates and increases permeability of blood vessels to ward off infection
lymphatic system
- lymph flows through the lymphatic vessels from lymph node to lymph node
- lymph nodes and spleen: reservoirs of WBCs and filter lymph to remove antigens
cell-mediated immunity
- contains a variety of WBCs (leukocytes), each with a specific function
- does not contain antibodies
granulocytes
attracted to the site of injury, where they phagocytize antigens
neutrophils
- most common granulocyte
- first responders to site of inflammation, attract WBCs
- main component of pus
eosinophils
- mediate allergic and asthmatic responses
- fight parasites
basophils
- mast cells
- involved in allergic responses and parasitic responses
- release histamine
monocytes
-large, long-lived immune cells
macrophages
- phagocytize dead cells and pathogens
- secrete cytokines
- present antigens
dendritic cells
- processes and present antigens
- active immune system
T lymphocytes
- can only respond to one specific antigen type presented by a major histocompatibility protein complex (MHC)
- cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells respond to MHC I, tumors or viruses are destroyed by these
- T helper cells (CD4+): respond to MHC II, release cytokines to stimulate immune response
- natural killer T cells: destroy cells
B lymphocytes
- create and express antibodies (immunoglobulins)
- form memory cells
- develop in bone marrow
immunoglobulin
- structure is a “Y”, with unique antigen binding sites at the top of the Y
- consist of a heavy and light chain held together by disulfide bonds
innate immunity
- body’s initial, generalized defenses against pathogens
- anatomic features, physiologic response, phagocytic cells, and inflammation
adaptive immunity
- acquired or specific immunity
- cells that can differentiate invading cells from host cells, and are specific to an antigen
- lymphocytes, plasma cells, antigen-presenting cells
adaptive immunity
- acquired or specific immunity
- cells that can differentiate invading cells from host cells, and are specific to an antigen
- lymphocytes, plasma cells, antigen-presenting cells
regulatory or supressor T cells
tone down T cell response to self cells or following in injection
