Digestive System

Question 1

digestive tract

Answer 1

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

Question 2

oral cavity

Answer 2

-where mechanical and chemical digestion of food begins

Question 3

mechanical digestion

Answer 3

breakdown of large food particle into smaller particles, such as biting and chewing (mastication), or churning of stomach

Question 4

chemical digestion

Answer 4

enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules into smaller molecules and begins in the mouth when the salivary glands secrete saliva

Question 5

salivary amylase (ptyalin)

Answer 5

hydrolyzes strach to maltose

Question 6

bolus

Answer 6

food that has been sufficiently moistened and broken down

Question 7

peristalsis

Answer 7

rhythmic waves of involuntary contractions that move food down the esophagus

Question 8

lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 8

muscular structure that closes off the esophagus from the stomach

Question 9

stomach

Answer 9

• stores and partially digests the food

- lined by gastric mucous which protect stomach from harsh acid juices

Question 10

chief cells (stomach)

Answer 10

in the gastric glands synthesize pepsinogen which is converted to pepsin, which breaks down proteins in stomach acid

Question 11

parietal cells (stomach)

Answer 11

release HCl which kills bacteria

Question 12

chyme

Answer 12

acidic, semifluid mixture of partially digested food as a result of churning and enzymatic activity

Question 13

small intestine

Answer 13

• chemical digestion is completed, adapted to absorption

- duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 14

villi

Answer 14

finger-like projections extended out of the intestinal wall, contain capillaries and lacteals

Question 15

gastrin

Answer 15

• produced in G cells of the duodenum
• stimulates histamine and pepsinogen secretion
• increase gastric blood flow, stimulates parietal cells to produce HCl

Question 16

intrinsic factor

Answer 16

secretion of the parietal cells that facilitates absorption of B12

Question 17

cholecystokinin (CKK)

Answer 17

• involved in stimulation of pancreatic enzyme and somatostatin secretion
• gallbladder contraction
• hunger suppressant

Question 18

secretin

Answer 18

-secretion of bicarbonate-containing substances from pancreas and inhibits gastric emptying and gastric acid production

Question 19

liver

Answer 19

produces bile that is stored in the gallbladder before release into the small intestine

Question 20

bile

Answer 20

-emulsifies fats, breaks down large globules into small droplets

Question 21

pancreas

Answer 21

• produces enzymes, amylase for carb digestion, trypsin for protein digestion, lipase for fat digestion
• produces bicarbonate rich juice that neutralizes the chyme from the stomach

Question 22

large intestine

Answer 22

• absorbs salts and any water left

- rectum provides storage of feces before elimination