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Biochemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

give an overview of lipids

A
  • not classified by functional group
  • insoluble in water
  • can be extracted from biological tissues using non-polar solvent
  • hydrophobic or amphiphathic
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2
Q

define amphipathic

A

both non and polar

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3
Q

what are common functions of fats

A
  • energy store
  • membranes
  • insulation
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4
Q

what are the main classes of lipids

A
  • polyprenyl compounds
  • triglycerides
  • glycolipids
  • phospholipids
  • sphingolipids
  • waxes
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5
Q

what is the structure of fatty acids

A
  • carboxylic acid head
  • long chain hydrocarbon tail
  • can be saturated or not
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6
Q

what happens in the structure of trans fats

A

nothing

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7
Q

what happens in the sturcture of cis fats

A

bent configuration

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8
Q

what causes a difference in fatty acids

A
  • length of hydrocarbon
  • degree of saturation
  • position of double bonds
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9
Q

describe saturated fats

A

-no double bonds
-high melting point
-solid at room temp
written as 12:0 for 1 carbon fat

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10
Q

describe unsaturated fats

A

-mono or poly saturated
-low melting point
-liquid at room temp
written as 20:4Δ5,8,11,14

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11
Q

how to name fatty acids

A

-oic acid

total carbon, double bonds, cis or trans

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12
Q

what happens with cis fatty acids

A

bent structure means its abrupt and more likely to be liquid

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13
Q

what are LDL’s

A

low density lipoproteins cholesterol

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14
Q

what are HDL’s

A

high density lipoproteins cholesterol

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15
Q

what does HDl do

A

tags fat to be transported to the liver to be broken down

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16
Q

what does LDL do

A

tag fat but stays in arteries

-cause coronary heart disease

17
Q

what are triglycerides

A

molecules made of glycerol esterified with three fatty acids (same or different)

18
Q

examples of triglyceries

A

adipose tissue, hepatic lipids

19
Q

how is soap made

A

hydrolysis of triglycerides with alkali- saponication

20
Q

changing physcial properties with triglycerides:

A
  • carbon # increase = melting point increases

- double bond# increases, melting point decreases

21
Q

what is the structure of phosphoglyceries

A
  • glycerol
  • 2 long chain hyrocarbons on c1&”
  • phosphoric acid esterfied to C3 hydroxyl group
  • the head can have different groups on phosphate
22
Q

phospholipids in water

A
  • plasma membrane

- hydrophobic effect causes bilayer

23
Q

polarity of phospholipid

A

polar head

nonpolar tail

24
Q

overview on waxes

A
  • esters of long chain alcohols with long chain fatty acids
  • water resistant
  • don’t form chemically homogenous groups
  • include alkanes, alkenes, ketones
25
Q

overview of sphingolipids

A

Found in membranes especially brain cells and nerve cells

They don’t contain glycerol

The backbone has who hydroxyls and an amide group/ amine R chain

Helps in the cellular uptake of fatty acids

Sphingomyelins make up 25% of myelin sheaths

26
Q

overview of terpenes

A

hydrocarbon compounds constructed from five-carbon isoprene units that are combined to produce a great variety of skeletons, which are then acted upon by various enzymes to add functionality and altered oxidation

–> isoprene = single unit

Found in essential oils

Flavours an smells

27
Q

overview of diterpenes

A

Two terpene units

Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial

Basis for compounds like phytol an retinol (vitamin A1)

28
Q

overview of steroids

A

Different to other lipids as it has 4 rings

–> 3 cyclohexane

–> 1 cyclopentane

They can have a variety of attached functional groups

Still has large amount of C-H so is nonpolar

Examples are cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen

29
Q

why are lipids used for cell surface membranes

A
  • separates internal and external environment
  • fluid
  • keeps water inside

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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