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biochemistry > Atomic Theory > Flashcards

Atomic Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Define an atom

A

The smallest particle of matter that still retains the properties of an element

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2
Q

Define an element

A

Structure only made up of one type of atom

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3
Q

Define an isotope

A

An atom with a different amount of neutrons but same amount of protons

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4
Q

Define a compound

A

Structure composed of two or more elements

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5
Q

Define an ion

A

An atom that has lost or gained an electron

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6
Q

Define a homogenous mixture

A

Composed of two or more substances and has the same composition and properties

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7
Q

Define a heterogeneous mixture

A

Composed of two or more stub stances and don’t have the same composition and properties

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8
Q

What is the mass number

A

The top number (neutrons plus protons)

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9
Q

What is the atomic number

A

The bottom number (amount of protons)

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10
Q

Who are part of the ancient views of atomic theory

A
  • Thales
  • Kanada
  • Democritus
  • Aristotle
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11
Q

What was Thales view on atomic theory

A

624BC

Water is the essence of all matter

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12
Q

What was Kanada’s view on atomic theory

A

600BC

Theorised the existence of 4 kinds of atoms which combined to make di/tri atomic molecules

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13
Q

Democritus’ view on atomic theory

A

430BC

Theorised the existence of invisible ‘atoms’ that had different sizes and shaped depending on the type of atom

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14
Q

Aristotle’s view on atomic theory

A

384 BC

Matter is made up off ‘ether’ of the 4 earthly elements and ‘nature abhors a vacuum’

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15
Q

What did Joseph Priestly do

A

1773, isolated O2 gas

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16
Q

What did Lavoisier do

A

Showed that 02 is used in combustion —> law of mass conservation

17
Q

What is Dalton’s atomic theory

A

1) elements are made of small particles called atoms
2) atoms of one element are identical
3) atoms cant be sub divided, created, or destroyed
4) atoms do different elements combine at specific ratios
5) in chemical reactions- atoms are combines, separated or rearranged

18
Q

Who discovered the electron

A

J.J Thompson 1897

RA Millikan 1909

19
Q

How did JJ Thompson discover the electron

A
  • using a cathode ray which produced a stream of particles that were independent of the material composition of the cathode.
  • saw that they were negatively charged bc it went to the pos electrode
  • calculated the ratio of charge to mass and saw it had to be sub atomic
20
Q

How did RA Millikan discover the electron

A
  • used oil drops to measure the charge of an electron

- drops fell at a constant rate between electric fields so the charge was discovered

21
Q

What is JJ Thompsons atomic model

A
  • plum pudding model
  • nucleus wasn’t discovered
  • each electron was paired with a positive particle so overall neutral charge in a cloud of positive charge
22
Q

How was the proton discovered

A

1911

Part of rutherford’s experiment

23
Q

Who discovered the nucleus

A

Rutherford 1911

24
Q

How was the nucleus/ proton discovered

A

Gold foil experiment

  • gold foil is 1-2 atoms thick and alpha particles were projected at it
  • most went straight through but some deflected back
  • alpha particles hit somethings, small, dense and positive
25
Q

What is rutherfords atomic theory

A
  • most of the atoms mass and all of it’s positive charge is contained in a small core called the nucleus
  • most of the volume of the atom is empty space, through out which are electrons
  • there are as many electrons as there are protons
26
Q

What is wavelength

A

The distance between two successive peaks

27
Q

What are alpha particles

A

He nuclei

28
Q

What are beta particles

A

Electrons

29
Q

What is the electromagnetic radiation spectrum (lowest t highest Hz)

A

Radio, micro, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma ray

30
Q

Who discovered the neutron

A

Chadwick 1932

31
Q

How was the neutron discovered

A
  • unknown radiation that was influenced by electric fields
  • experiment that counted protons that were ejected through paraffin wax
  • found that radiation wasn’t gamma rays but an uncharged paartile with the same mass as a proton

biochemistry (10 decks)

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