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Biochemistry > cell organelles > Flashcards

cell organelles Flashcards

1
Q

what happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution

A

water enters the cell and it expands and bursts

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2
Q

what happens to a cell in an isotonic solution

A

nothing

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3
Q

what happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution

A

water leaves the cell and it shrinks

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4
Q

what is the structure of the nucleus

A
  • double membrane called nuclear envelope = selectively permeable
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5
Q

function of nucleus

A

stores genetic information that controls cell metabolism and reproduction

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6
Q

structure of the nucleolus

A

subspace in the nucleus that isn’t bound by a membrane

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7
Q

function of the nucleolus

A

ribosome synthesis

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8
Q

structure of cell surface membrane

A

fluid mosaic model of phospholipid bilayer

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9
Q

function of cell surface membrane

A

separates internal and external environment. is selectively permeable for exchange

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10
Q

structure of the golgi

A

stacks of flattened membranous disks

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11
Q

function of the golgi

A

packing proteins from the RER into vesicles by tagging sugar molecules

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12
Q

structure of the RER

A

network of membranous calans filled with fluid an lined with ribosomes. fold = lumen

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13
Q

function of the RER

A

central role in synthesis and modification

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14
Q

structure of the SER

A

networ of membranous canals that don’t have ribosomes

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15
Q

function of the SER

A

It makes lipids and steroids. Also responsible for detoxifying the cell.

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16
Q

structure of ribosomes

A

small particles that are free in the cytopplasm

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17
Q

function of ribosomes

A

protein synthesis

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18
Q

structure of mitochondria

A

double bounded membrane with inner and outer membrane. Space between the inner and the matrix is called the intermembrane space.

19
Q

function of mitochondria

A

site of ATP production

20
Q

structure of lyosomes

A

Spheres full of enzymes that hydrolyze materials to reuse.

21
Q

function of lysosomes

A

break down what is in the center

22
Q

structure of microfilaments

A

Thinnest part of the cytoskeleton and is made of actin

23
Q

function of microfilaments

A

Roles in cytokinesis, movement and changes in shape.

24
Q

structure of centrioles

A

Hollow cylindrical structure with nine microtubule triplets.

25
Q

function of centrioles

A

The nucleation points for spindle formation during mitosis and meiosis.

26
Q

structure of vacuoles

A

Fluid filled organelles enclosed by a membrane

27
Q

function of vacuoles

A

Stores materials like sugars, ions, water, minerals, and waste products

28
Q

structure of vesicles

A

lipid bilayer to have a self-contained environment

29
Q

function of vesicles

A

Used to transport materials. Also used in metabolism and enzyme storage.

30
Q

structure of cytoplasm

A

jelly-like substance composed of mainly water that is the main body of the cell.

31
Q

function of cytoplasm

A

Organelles are found here an substances like salts are dissolved here so is the site of cellular activity.

32
Q

structure of microtubules

A

Small tubes made from protein tubulin

33
Q

function of microtubules

A

cell movement, provide pathways or secretory vesicles, cell division

34
Q

compare genetic organisation of euk an pro

A 
pro= circular DNA
euk = linear DNA chromosomes
35
Q

compare compartmentation of pro and euk

A 
pro= cell membrane 
euk= plasma membrane
36
Q

compare metabolic organisation of pro and euk

A

pro and euk = cytoplasm

37
Q

compare protein synthesis of pro an euk

A

both ribsomes

38
Q

compare protein/ lipid transport in pro and euk

A 
pro= cytoplasm
euk= endomembrane systems
39
Q

compare energy metabolism in pro and euk

A 
pro= cytoplasm and cell membrane 
euk= mitochondria
40
Q

compare cell structure and transport

A 
pro= proteins in cytoplasm 
euk= protein filaments in cytoplasm
41
Q

compare cell mobility in pro and euk

A 
pro= flagella
euk= flagella and cilia
42
Q

compare cell water balance in pro and plant

A

both cell wall

43
Q

what is Schwann cell theory

A
  • All living things are composed of cells and cell products
  • Cell is a membrane bound structure and contains a nucleus
  • The cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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