Lipids Flashcards
What are the three sources of TAGs?
- ) Intestinal
- ) De Novo in the liver
- ) De Novo in adipocytes
What enzyme breaks down chylomicrons and VLDL into FFA’s?
Capillary lipoprotein lipase
What two enzymes break down TAGs in adipocytes?
- ) Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)
2. ) Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)
What apolipoproteins are on chylomicrons?
- ) ApoB-48
- ) ApoC-II
- ) ApoE
What is the function of ApoB-48?
Transport of chylomicrons in blood
What is the function of ApoC-II?
Activates capillary lipoprotein lipase
What is the function of ApoE?
Uptake into the liver
What apolipoproteins are on VLDL?
- ) ApoB-100
- ) ApoC-II
- ) ApoE
What is the function of ApoB-100?
It binds to LDL receptors, allows uptake into cells
What apolipoproteins are on IDL?
- ) ApoB-100
2. ) ApoE
What apolipoproteins are on LDL?
1.) ApoB-100
What apolipoproteins are on HDL?
- ) ApoA-1
- ) ApoC-II
- ) ApoE
What is the other name for Type I Hyperlipoproteinemia?
Hyperchylomicronemia
What is the cause of Hyperlipoproteinemia?
Inability to hydrolyze TAGs in chylomicrons and VLDL
What enzyme deficiency causes Hyperlipoproteinemia?
Deficiency in capillary lipoprotein lipase
or
ApoC-II
What is the cause of Hyperlipoproteinemia in infancy?
LPL deficiency
What is the cause of Hyperlipoproteinemia in post adolescence?
ApoC-II deficiency
What is the function of ApoC-II?
Activation of capillary lipoprotein lipase
What plasma levels are associated with Hyperlipoproteinemia?
> 1000 mg/dl
What clinical symptoms are associated with Hyperlipoproteinemia?
Xanthomas, pancreatitis, abdominal pain
What is the treatment for Hyperlipoproteinemia?
Low fat diet
What is the other name for Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia?
Familial hypercholesterolemia
What is the defect in Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia?
Uptake of LDL via LDL receptor
What does Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia cause?
Atherosclerosis
Why does Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia occur?
The LDL receptor cannot recognize ApoB-100
What is the normal range of cholesterol?
130-200 mg/dl
What is the cholesterol range in someone with heterozygous Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia?
300-500 mg/dl
What is the cholesterol range in someone with homozygous Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia?
> 800 mg/dl
What will someone with homozygous Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia probably experience in their teenage years?
CAD
What are the symptoms of Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia?
Xanthomas, corneal deposits in eyes, angina pectoralis
What is the treatment for heterozygous Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia?
statins, diet, bile acid binding resins
What is the treatment for homozygous Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia?
LDL apheresis and liver transplant
