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Cardio > Cardiac Histology > Flashcards

Cardiac Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Are cardiac muscle cells striated or non-striated? Voluntary or involuntary?

A

Striated and involuntary.

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2
Q

Are smooth muscle cells striated or non-striated? Voluntary or involuntary?

A

Non-striated and involuntary.

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3
Q

Smooth muscle cells occur as what?

A

Bundles or sheets of elongated fusiform cells with finely tapered ends

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4
Q

What kind of nucleus do smooth muscle cells have?

A

Centrally located (n=1)

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5
Q

Do smooth muscle cells have visible striations?

A

No, they are smooth

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6
Q

What are smooth muscle cells interconnected with?

A

gap junctions

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7
Q

What is special about smooth muscle contraction?

A

The contractions are long, rhythmic, continuous and of low force.

Ex. The uterus during labor

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8
Q

Are smooth muscle cells responsive to ANS stimulation?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What are smooth muscle contractile apparatus’ anchored to? What does this allow?

A

They are anchored to cytoplasmic densities/dense bodies. This allows cells to contract all together at once from an elongated to flat shape.

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10
Q

What is the general shape of cardiac muscle cells?

A

Short, branched, and y-shaped

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11
Q

What are intercalated discs?

A

Transverse junctions at the end of cells that allow passage of electrical current

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12
Q

What are purkinje cells?

A

Modified cardiac muscle cells that act as a pacemaker for the heart and allow rapid conduction of electrical stimulus

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13
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium?

A

The outer covering of dense connective tissue

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14
Q

What are the two layers of serous pericardium?

A

Parietal and visceral

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15
Q

The visceral layer of serous pericardium is the same as what layer of the heart?

A

The epicardium

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16
Q

Why is the endothelium of blood vessels smooth and made up of simple squamous epithelium?

A

So blood can easily flow over it

17
Q

What is the thickest layer of the heart?

A

Myocardium

18
Q

What are the main characterizations of myocardium?

A
  • Striations
  • Intercalated discs
  • Dyad T-Tubule system
  • Many mitochondria
  • Lipofuscin granules
  • Atrial granules
19
Q

What are intercalated discs?

A

Specialized, interdigitating junctions between cardiomyocytes

20
Q

Where do intercalated discs always coincide?

A

Z lines

21
Q

What do intercalated discs allow?

A

The transmission of contraction and they allow the spread of excitation

22
Q

What are the two components of the transverse region of intercalated discs?

A
  1. ) Fascia adherens

2. ) Desmosomes

23
Q

What are intercalated discs?

A

Specialized junctions that bind cells and allow the spread of excitation

24
Q

In what layer of the heart are intercalated discs present?

A

Myocardium

25
Q

What do intercalated discs coincide with?

A

z-disks

26
Q

What is the function of fascia adherens?

A

To associate with actin filaments at the ends of terminal sarcomeres, they transmit contractile forces b/w cells

27
Q

What is the orientation of fascia adherens?

A

Perpendicular or transverse

28
Q

What is the orientation of gap junctions?

A

Longitudinal or parallel

29
Q

What is the function of desmosomes in cardiac muscle?

A

provide anchorage via intermediate filaments

30
Q

What is the orientation of desmosomes?

A

Perpendicular or transverse

31
Q

What are heart valves made up of?

A

Core of fibroelastic CT, covered with endothelium

32
Q

What lines the heart valve?

A

Endothelium

33
Q

What are heart valves comprised of?

A

Fibroelastic CT surrounded by endothelium

34
Q

What is the vasa vasorum?

A

Vessels of tunica adventitia of large arteries and veins that supplies blood to the vessel themselves

35
Q

What is the Nervi vasorum?

A

ANS input that controls vascular smooth muscle

36
Q

What is distinct about medium and large veins?

A

They have all 3 layers

Cardio (11 decks)

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