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HUN 4221 EXAM 3 > LIPIDS > Flashcards

LIPIDS Flashcards

1
Q

What do lipases do?

A

They cleave off the triglycerides off of fatty acids

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2
Q

What is the required enzyme in the mouth for TG digestion?

A

Lingual lipase, produced in the salivary glands

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3
Q

What is the required enzyme in the stomach for TG digestion?

A

Gastric lipase produced in the stomach

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4
Q

What is the required secretion and enzyme in the small intestine for TG digestions?

A

Bile; no lipase.

pancreatic lipase produced in pancreas

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5
Q

What are two essential fatty acids?

A 
Linoleic acid (18:2)
alpha linolenic acid (18:3)
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6
Q

What omega is linoleic?

A

omega 6

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7
Q

What omega is linolenic?

A

omega 3

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8
Q

Where does canola oil come from?

A

RAPE seed in canada

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9
Q

What does canola stand for?

A

Canada oil low acid

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10
Q

Why are fatty acids essential?

A

precursors to eicosanoids

precursors for longer more highly unsaturated fatty acids that are components of cell membranes

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11
Q

Who was George Burr?

A

made fat free diets for studies on rats and started adding back these fat soluble vitamins one by one and still found that these rats still had growth problems. he believed that he found a new vitamin and termed it vitamin f but it was really a fatty acid specifically linoleic acid. never got a nobel prize for it.

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12
Q

What are eicosonoids?

A

Fatty acids of composed of 20 carbons.
Hormone like substances
Produced from omega-6 and omega 3 fatty acid tail

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13
Q

The term eicosonoids refers to three families of substances which are:

A
  1. prostaglandins
  2. thromboxanes
  3. leuokotrienes
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14
Q

Where are eicosonoids synthesized from?

A

Synthesized from arachidonic acid which is synthsiezed from linoleic acid

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15
Q

What are the steps in order to produce arachidonic acid?

A

Linoleic acid undergoes desaturation and then that produces gamma linolenic acid which undergoes elongation and desaturation

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16
Q

What are properties of omega-6 derived eicosanoids?

A

pro-inflammatory pro-aggretory

17
Q

Omega 3 FA have what properties?

A

Anti-inflammatory and anti aggretory

18
Q

Eicosanoids mediate a wide range of physiological functions such as ?

A

Trigger cytokine release

Modulation of inflammation

19
Q

25% of fatty acyl chains in mammalian cell membranes are what?

A

Polyunsaturated omega 3 or omega 6

20
Q

In order to make DHA in our bodies we need what and what do we make along the way?

A

We need alpha linolenic acid and we make EPA along the way.

21
Q

DHA accounts for approximately how much of the polyunsaturated acids of cell membranes in the CNS?

A

50%

22
Q

Highest concentrations of DHA are found where?

A

found in phosphoreceptor outer segments and synapses

23
Q

When DHA bioavailability is decreased what is impaired and why?

A

Receptor function is impaired because DHA-phospholipids support transmembrane receptor function in the CNS

24
Q

What are the physiologic roles of essential fatty acid function?

A

Neural development
fetal development
high concentrations in brain synapses and retina

25
Q

What are the physiologic roles of essential fatty acid function?

A

Neural development
fetal development
high concentrations in brain synapses and retina

26
Q

A high ratio of omega6/omega3 is associated with?

A

cardiovascular disease

27
Q

Potential benefits of DHA/EPA

A 
Inflamatory and autoimmune diseases
cardiovascular disease 
metabolic syndromes 
pregnancy 
cancer
28
Q

Potential benefits of omega 3 FA in regards to cardiovascular disease

A 
Anti inflammatory 
anti arrythmic 
anti thrombotic
reduce restenoisis (where your vessels reconstrict after cleaning)
reduces plaque formation
reduces blood triacylglycerol
29
Q

The anti-arrythmic benefit of omega 3 FA is associated with what?

A

Alters ion currents within myocardiu,

reduces risk of fatal rhythm irregularities

30
Q

How does omega 3 FA imporve endothelial function?

A

By enhancing nitric oxide production

reduce vasocontriction

31
Q

Potential benefits of omega 3 in regards to metabolic syndrome?

A

Increase glucose uptake
imporve lipid profile
favors fatty acid oxidation
aids in weight loss

32
Q

Potential benefits of omega 3 FA in regards to pregnency?

A 
Essential for healthy fetal development 
slightly longer pregnancy 
-lower risk of pre term birth
-lower risk of preeclampsia
-reduced risk for offspring in later life
--cardiovascular disease and diabetes
33
Q

What types of cancers are being studied with omega 3?

A

prostate colon and breast cancer

34
Q

What are the WHO recommendations for alpha linolenic acid and EPA/DHA

A

0.8-1.1 g
0.3-.5
we are eating below that

HUN 4221 EXAM 3 (9 decks)

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