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HUN 4221 EXAM 3 > Iodine > Flashcards

Iodine Flashcards

1
Q

Iodine exists naturally as what?

A

I2 as a gas

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2
Q

What is Iodide?

A

The ionic form and is soluble in water

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3
Q

What foods is generally found in?

A

Variety but found in milk because Iodine is used as a disinfectant for milking supplies

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4
Q

Meat and vegetable content varies depending on?

A

Soil content of region where produced

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5
Q

What areas of the world are low in iodine?

A

Mountanous areas

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6
Q

What is the recommended vehicle for distributing iodine?

A

Salt

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7
Q

How is Iodide absorbed into the intestinal cell?

A

Via a Na/I symporter

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8
Q

What form of Iodide is used in fortification and why?

A

Iodate (IO3-) because it is highly bioavailable.

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9
Q

Iodide is taken up rapidly by what?

A

Thyroid glands and kidneys

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10
Q

When does the thyroid gland take up more or less Iodide?

A

More- in iodide def

Less- in adequate iodide intake

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11
Q

Primary route of excretion?

A

Urinary

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12
Q

Is there a mechanism to conserve iodide in the kidneys?

A

No

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13
Q

Where is most of the iodide in the body?

A

In the thyroid glands

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14
Q

What controls the concentration of blood iodide?

A

The thyroid gland only. not the intestinal tract not the kidney

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15
Q

What is Iodide’s function?

A

Synthesis of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland

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16
Q

Which thyroid hormones are synthesized by Iodide?

A

Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

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17
Q

Slide 19

A

.

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18
Q

T4 and T3 are associated with 3 transport proteins:

A

Thyroxine-binding protein

  • Albumin
  • transthyretin
19
Q

In order for T3 or T4 to be hormonally active it must be:

A

in the free form

20
Q

Slide 21.

A

.

21
Q

Deiodination of T4 can produce

A

T3 or rT3

22
Q

In order to deiondinate T4 what is needed?

A

5’-deiodinase

23
Q

Status assessment of Iodine

A

Urinary iodine excretion and functional indicators such as Thyroxine (T4) or serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

24
Q

What is the function of the thyroid hormones?

A

Regulator of prenatal cell growth

  • influences neuronal health
  • growth and maturation of peripheral tissues
  • -deficiency causes delay in bone bone development
25
Q

Thyroid hormone deficiency

A

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) decreased
Macronutrient metabolism impaired
Developmental abnormalities in the bran, muscle/skeletal/lung

26
Q

Slide 27.

A

.

27
Q

Consequences of Iodine def?

A 
Mental retardation
Postnatally
-delayed growth
-slowness of movement
-delayed reflexes
-elevated blood lipids
-cardiac insufficiency
Goiter
28
Q

What is the most common consequence of iodine def that can be prevented?

A

mental retardation

29
Q

What is the compensatory response of Goiter?

A 
Decrease Plasma iodide
Hormone Synthesis
Increase TSH release
-Thyroid cell number increase
-Thyroid cell size increase
-Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
30
Q

If function is gained back during goiter, it may lead to what?

A

Thyroxicosis- overproduction of hormone

31
Q

What are symptomes of goiter?

A

Tracheal and esophagus pressure
May damage laryngeal nerves
respiratory difficulty
hoarseness

32
Q

Your pituitary gland will sense what?

A

If your levels of T3 or T4 are low. If they are low, pituitary gland will make more TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) to make more T3 or T4

33
Q

How do you treat goiters if caught early enough?

A

Gradual reduction of thyriod gland size with iodine supplement OR thyroidectomy

34
Q

What is the risk of having a thyroidectomy?

A

Patients may become hyperthyroid and require hormone replacement. Not practical in most affected places of the world.

35
Q

In pregnancy, what happens to iodine excretion and thyroid hormone secretion?

A

Iodine excretion increases and thyroid hormone secretion increases

36
Q

Decreased iodine during pregnancy may lead to?

A

Decreased thyroid hormone which leads to severe mental retardation and cretinism

37
Q

What is cretinism?

A

Most severe form of damage from iodide deficiency

38
Q

What is early pregnancy iodide deficiency?

A

Inner ear and brain affected
mental retardation
short stature but frewuently normal

39
Q

What is late pregnancy iodide deficiency?

A 
Known as myxedematous
shorter stature
mental retardation
hypothyroidism
spasticity of legs, deaf mutism, goiter usually absent
40
Q

What are goitrogens?

A

Present in certain foods and blocks iodine uptake by thyroid (blocks Na/I symporter)

41
Q

Selenium Def can cause what?

A

Iodine Def

42
Q

How does Glutathione Peroxidase affect thyroid hormone synthesis?

A

It protects it from oxidative environment required for thyroid hormone synthesis.

43
Q

What does T4 deiodinase do?

A

Converts T4 to T3

44
Q

What happens to Iodine during selenium def?

A

Produces peroxidase deficiency in thyroid

deiododinase deficiency inhibits T3 production

HUN 4221 EXAM 3 (9 decks)

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