Lipids Flashcards
1
Q
important energy-storage molecules
A
Fats
2
Q
building blocks of fats?
A
glycerol
fatty acid
3
Q
how many carbons does glycerol have?
A
3
4
Q
how many carbons does fatty acid have?
A
14-18 or 14-20
depending if it is saturated and unsaturated
5
Q
2 classification of a fatty acid
A
unsaturated
saturated
6
Q
_____ test is used to detect the presence of glycerol or fat
A
Acrolein Test
7
Q
smallest units of Lipids?
A
Fatty Acids
8
Q
single-bonded fatty acid
A
Saturated
9
Q
has two or more double bond fatty acid
A
Unsaturated
10
Q
c10-c20 is?
A
Saturated FA
11
Q
c18 and c20 is?
A
Unsaturated FA
12
Q
has even number of carbon atoms
A
acetic acid
13
Q
low melting point
A
Unsaturated
14
Q
found in vegetable oils
A
unsaturated
15
Q
most abundant in animal fats
A
saturated
16
Q
e.g. Coconut oils, Beef tallow…
A
saturated
17
Q
high melting point
A
saturated
18
Q
e.g. avocado oil, peanut oil, olive oil
A
unsaturated
19
Q
Fats that can be found in marine animals?
A
Omega 3
20
Q
greek word
eikosi?
A
eicosanoids
eikosi translates to 20
21
Q
T or F
Lipids are soluble to H20
A
False
they are INSOLUBLE IN NATURE
22
Q
Organic Solvents?
A
Acetone, Alcohol, Methyl Chloroform
Lipids are Soluble here
23
Q
what do you call when the lipids and water doesn’t mix with each other?
A
edi tipaklong
choz
Micells daw
24
Q
T or F
Carbohydrates have more energy than Lipids
A
False
Lipids ang mas may maraming Energy
kaya keto diet is born
25
T or F
Lipids are homogenous
False
26
what type of organic solvent is this?
O
||
/ \
Acetone
27
simplest ketone
Acetone
28
Oxygen Bonded with 2 carbons
/\o/\
Ether
29
Cl
|
/ \
Cl Cl
Choloroform
more common organic solvent
30
T or F
Lipids is Amphiphatic in nature. Hydrophobic head & Hydrophilic tail
1st statement is true
2nd Statement is false
HydroPHILIC = Head
HydroPHOBIC = Tail
31
T or F
if the nonpolar tail is longer it has more interaction to organic solvents
T
32
Lipis Funnctions
- for Energy
- structural component
- insulation
- coating
- vitamins precusor (cholesterol)
- chemical signals
33
2 Clasification of Lipids
Open chain
FA, Triacylglycerol, Phosphoacylgcerol, Sphingolipids, Glycolipids
Fused Ring
Cholesterol, Steroid, Bile Acids
34
type of lipid that can we find in processed foods?
FA, saturated and unsaturated
35
T of F
Cis- hydrogen atoms in the carbon are in the opposite Side
Trans - hydrogen atoms in the carbon is in the same side
False
Cis-same side
Trans- opposite side
36
T or F
Unsaturated occurs in Cis Conformation
T
37
Saturated Fatty acids? (5)
```
Lauric 12
Myristic 14
Palmitic 16
Stearic 18
Arachidic 20
```
38
Unsaturated FA? (5)
```
Palmitoleic 16
Oleic 18
Linoleic 18
Linolenic 18
Arachidonic 20
```
39
T or F
Carboxylic Acid F group is always PRIORITY that's why counting starts there
T
40
FA that is Good for the <3
OMEGA - 3 Fatty Acid
41
AKA last carbon
OMEGA
42
next to the C1
Alpha Carbpn
43
What are the Omega 3 FA?
Linoleic 18
Eicosapentaenoic - 20
DOcosahexaenoic - 22
44
Gycerol + 3 FA =
Triglycerol or Tryacylglycerol
45
T or F
Triacylglycerol is Amphiphatic
True
46
T or F
Glycerol acts as Hydrophilic Head
FA acts as Hydrophobic Head
True
47
```
R
|
O
|
O= C
```
what is this?
Ester Bond
| COOR
48
Esther will be converted into Aldehyde if is introduced to dehydrating Agent of ____ (KHSO4) Potassium Bisulfate
Acrolein Test
49
what do you call the process of formation of Triacylglycerol?
esterification
ester bond between glycerol and Fatty Acid
50
removing of H20
Hydrolysis
51
enzymes when organism uses Fatty Acid
Lipase
52
hydrolyzes the ester linkage
lipase
53
Concentrated Store of Metabolic Energy
Triglycerol
54
Lipid + Hydrochloric Acid (NaOH)
Soap
55
Sodium Salt of Fatty Acid
Soap
56
defense mechanism to virus
soap
emulsifying agent-
surfactant
ampiphatic - tail attaches to dirt
57
T or F
Soap
disrupt the membrane of the virus making it disabled
True
58
AKA Glycerophospholipids
Phospholipids
59
Glycerol + 2 FA + Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) + Nitrogen Compound
Phospholipid
60
Glycerol + 2 FA + Phosphoric Acid + Serine
Phosphatidyl Serine
61
Glycerol + 2 FA + Phosphoric Acid + Ethanolamine
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine
62
Glycerol + 2 FA + Phosphoric Acid + Choline
Phosphatidyl Choline
63
complex mixtures- long-chain of carboxylic acid and Alcohol of ester
Waxes
| -protective coat for plants and animals
64
Polar head of Phospholipid
Phosphoric Acid
65
Sphingosine + 1 FA + Phosphoric Acid + Choline
Sphingolipids
66
sphingosine + FA
Ceramide
67
Cereamides + Sugar
Cerebroside
68
a long chain of amino alcohol (18 carbons)
Sphingosine
69
Ceramide + Galactose + Sphingosine
Glycolipids
70
AKA acidic Glycosphingolipids
Gangliosides
71
Ceramide + 2 or more Sugars
Gangliosides
72
Ceramide + 1 sugar
Cerebroside
73
synthesize by liver, fats, carbohydrates and proteins from
part of cell membrane, brain, nerve tissues
steroid
bile salts
Cholesterol
| precusor of Vit D
74
regulation of Calcium and Phosphorus metabolism
VITAMIN D
| -common is cholecalciferol
75
ricket is a deficiency
Vitamin D
76
Flow of Vitamin D
Enzymatic Reaction -> UV Radiation -> Enzymatic Reaction in (liver) -> Enzymatic Reaction in (kidney) = dihydroxycholecalciferol or VITAMIN D3
77
Lipid Soluble VITAMINS
A - eye site
D - calcium & phosphorus
E - anti oxidants
K - regulatory of blood clots
78
synthesized in liver from Cholesterol
| stored in gall bladder
Bile Salt
may Na+
79
bile pigment- bilirubin (yellowish skin)
Jaundice
80
high amount of cholesterol in Gall Bladder
Gall Stones
81
emulsifying agents to fats
Salts or Bile Salts
82
Phospholipids + Proteins
carries insoluble lipids to liver
Lipoproteins -depends on the density
83
good Cholesterol
HDL
84
bad cholesterol
LDL
85
T or F
high-fat diet (saturated FA) causes reabsorption of cholesterol from bile salts
True
86
HIGH SATURATED FAT WILL CAUSE?
Atherosclerosis
87
with kink and cis configuration
Unsaturated FA
88
w/o kink and trans configuration
Saturated
89
lessens the melting point of lipid
kink
90
T or F
Phospholipids are UNSATURATED FATTY ACID that allows fluidity
True
kasi UnSat is liquid
91
provides strength and rigidity disbarred the permeability
Cholesterol
92
Phospholipids + Cholesterol + Peripheral Proteins + Integral Proteins + Sphingolipids + Glycolipids
Biologival Structure of Membrane
93
T or F
Fused ring is weak that permits permiability
False
Rigid sila
94
bonds interaction in polar heads
Hydrogen Bonding - mot dikit dikit bot may interaction
95
stabilizes the arrangement of Saturated FA
Van Der Waals Interactions - weak forces
