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Biochemistry Lecture and Laboratory > Enzyme & Digestion > Flashcards

Enzyme & Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

biocatalysts that are synthesized in a living cell

A

Enzyme

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2
Q

t or f

enzymes are linear proteins

A

False, globular proteins

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3
Q

T or F

enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by a factor up to 10 (20) over an uncatalyzed reaction

A

T

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4
Q

T or F

enzymes are specific to the extent that they can detect stereoisomers of a given compound.

A

partly trueee. they are HIGHLY SPECIFIC

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5
Q

T or F

Fine-tuned by regulatory responses

A

TRUE

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6
Q

is enzyme being consumed in the chemical reaction?

A

no, they speed it up but they cant be part of the product

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7
Q

Activation Energy is lowered if the reaction is allowed to proceed on?

A

Platinum Surface

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8
Q

normal body tempt

A

37C

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9
Q

T or F

High tempt will denature the enzyme

A

T

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10
Q

Tempt that enzyme works efficiently

A

Optimum Temperature

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11
Q

T or F

INCREASING THE TEMPT of a reaction mixture INCREASE THE ENERGY available to the reactants to reach TRANSITION STATE

A

TRUE

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12
Q

AKA Reactant

A

Substrate

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13
Q

a portion of enzyme surface to which substrate binds via non covalent bonds

&

where reaction takes place

A

active site

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14
Q

T or F
noncovalent bond - active site & substrate
covalent bond - disaccharides

A

T

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15
Q

what is the 1st step in enzyme & substrate?

A

binding of substrate to the enzyme

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16
Q

T or F

Its always the enzyme that attacks the substrate

A

False

its always the substrate that attacks the enzyme

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17
Q

2 binding models

A

Lock & Key

Induced Fit

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18
Q

there’s only specific enzyme for the specific enzyme

A

lock & key

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19
Q

binding of substrate induces in the confirmation of enzyme

enzyme has different configuration in the first place but adjust to the confirmation of the substrate

A

Induced Fit

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20
Q

common mechanism for an enzyme that catalyzes reaction containing 2 or more substrate

A

enzyme mechanism

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21
Q

3 enzyme mechanism?

A

Ordered, Random, Ping Pong

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22
Q

there are ____ enzyme commission number (EC Number)

A

6

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23
Q

gain of oxygen and loss of hydrogen

transfer of electron from molecule to another

A

Oxireductases

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24
Q

transfer of functional group

amino group, acetal group, phosphate group

A

Transferases

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25
Q

hydrolysis(addition of water)

A

Hydrolases

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26
Q

removal of functional group without use of hydrolysis & oxidation

A

lyases

also breaking down of chemical bond

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27
Q

rearrangement of atoms within a molecule

A

isomerase

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28
Q

joining 2 molecules using energy derived from the breakdown of ATP

A

Ligase

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29
Q

The functional unit of enzyme

A

holoenzyme

30
Q

Non-protein part of the enzyme

○ It is usually a metal-ion

A

COFACTOR or PROSTHETIC GROUP

31
Q

Organic molecule cofactor groups

which attach to the enzyme at time of reaction

A

coenzyme

32
Q

T or F

Enzyme’s active site binds with the substrate

A

T

33
Q

T or F

ENZYME SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
This complex decreases the activation energy of the reaction

A

True

34
Q

T or F
enzyme-substrate promotes rapid progression by providing certain ions or
chemical group that form covalent bond with molecules

A

False

35
Q

T or F

Enzyme promote chemical reactions by bringing substrates together in an optimal orientation

A

T

36
Q

It is the process of breaking down food by mechanical and chemical action
in the digestive tract into substances that can be used by the body.

A

digestion

37
Q

Digestive enzymes released into the digestive tract

• They break down large polymeric biomolecules into individual
monomers or oligomers

A

Chemical Digestion

38
Q

It is the temperature at which enzymes best facilitate reactions

  • It is the certain temperature at which enzymes catalytic activity is at its
    greatest
A

Optimum Temperature

39
Q

It is the most favorable pH value in which the enzyme is most active

A

Optimum pH
but it depends on the enzyme
pepsin- acidic
bile - basic

40
Q

T or F

✓ Increase of the substrate
concentration results in an 
increase of the enzymatic
activity but only to a certain 
extent
A

t

41
Q

T or F

Substrate decrease will have no effect on the reaction rate as all the enzymes have
already been saturated

A

False

Substrate increase will not have effect on the reaction kasi saturated na yung enzymes

42
Q

detects reducing sugars with free aldehyde and ketone

A

benedicts test

43
Q

detects reducing monosaccharides

A

barfoed’s test

44
Q

Starch keeps on giving blue color with iodine until it is completely
digested into maltose. At this point, when no blue color is formed,
this means that salivary amylase is at its optimum
temperature/pH.

T or F

A

T

45
Q

T or F

Antacids increase the pH in the stomach, which might make the enzymes in
the stomach less effective. The low pH of the juices in the stomach can cause
ulcers if they eat through the walls of the small intestine or stomach.

A

T

46
Q

T or F

Metal Ions can be either activators or
inhibitors, depending on how heavy
the metal is

A

T

47
Q

T or F

Pepsin and pancreatin works best in specific pH levels (pepsin in acidic, pancreatin in basic).

Adding the 3N NaOH until basic to litmus ensures that we will be getting the results similar to what happens in our body; and vise versa.

A

T

48
Q

catalyze the hydrolysis of starch into sugars

A

amylases

salivary & pancreatic

49
Q

T or F

Soduim Carbonate acts as a catalyst for realising enzymes from the pancreatin to break down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

A

T

mainly starch

50
Q

Tautomerization or formation of enedioles occur after the reducing sugar
is mixed __________

A

Benedict’s Reagent

51
Q

Specifically found in the pancreas
and is synthesized by acinar cells
then secreted into the
gastrointestinal tract

A

pancreatic amylase

52
Q

an enzyme
that acts on starch to break it into
many molecules of maltose, which
is the raw form of carbohydrates.

A

salivary amylase

53
Q 
Primarily produced in salivary 
glands but can also be produced 
in ovaries, fallopian tubes, 
gastrointestinal tract, lungs,
striated muscle, and malignant 
neoplasms
A

salivary amylase

54
Q

It speeds up digestive processes
which take place along digestive
tract from mouth to small intestines

A

pancreatic amylase

55
Q

Important metabolic enzyme

that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch
into glucose.

A

pancreatic amylase

56
Q

More effective at breaking down
complex carbs that take longer to
breakdown

A

pancreatic amylase

57
Q

Even before food enters the
stomach and small intestines,
partial digestion of carbohydrates
is occurring in the mouth.

A

salivary amylase

58
Q

T or F

The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth The salivary
enzyme amylase begins the breakdown of food starches into
maltose, a disaccharide.

A

T

59
Q

The acidic environment in the stomach stops
the action of the amylase enzyme.

T o F

A

T

60
Q

T or F

The next step of carbohydrate digestion takes place in the duodenum. Recall that the chyme from the stomach enters the duodenum and mixes with the digestive secretion from the
pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

A

T

61
Q

T or F

Pancreatic juices also contain amylase, which continues the
breakdown of starch and glycogen into maltose, a disaccharide.
The disaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides by
enzymes called maltases.

A

T

62
Q

Also known as pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase

A

Pancreatin Lipase

63
Q

T or F

lipids is water-soluble
enzyme is not water soluble

A

F

lipids, insoluble in nature
enzyme watersoluble

64
Q

It should undergo high pH to be activated

A

pancreactic lipase

65
Q

Secreted by the hepatocytes in the liver

and stored in the gallbladder.

A

Bile

66
Q

convert fats in
food into fatty acids, which are
absorbed in the gut.

In the duodenum, it coats and
emulsifies large fat droplets to smaller
fat droplets

A

Bile

67
Q

(C24H39NaO4)

A

SODIUM CHOLEATE

68
Q 
Extract of sodium salt from ox 
bile. It aids in the digestion and 
processing of proteins and lipids. 
A trihydroxy bile salt that is 
used as a digestive aid in dietary 
supplements.
- People who have had their gall 
bladder removed and are 
unable to make their own bile are 
often the only ones who utilize it.
A

sodium cholate

69
Q

T or F

Since lipids contain fatty acids, when hydrolyzed, there should be a increase in pH

A

false

lipids hydrolyzed have decrease in pH

70
Q

determines whether or not bile salts are present in the urine

A

hay’s test

71
Q

If the sulfur powder floats on the surface of

the test tube, the result is

A

negative

72
Q

If the sulfur powder settles to the bottom of the test tube, it is
a

A

positive result for hay test

Biochemistry Lecture and Laboratory (8 decks)

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