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Biochemistry Lecture and Laboratory > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

1
Q

two-stranded molecule that carries the unique genetic code of living
things.

  • It is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides
A

DNA

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2
Q

components of nucleotides

A

phosphate group

sugar group (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA)

one of the four nitrogen bases

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3
Q

nitrogenous bases

A 
adenine thymine(uracil in rna)
guanine cystosine
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4
Q

2 rings

A

purine

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5
Q

1 ring

A

pyrimidine

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6
Q

T or F

The nucleotides in a base pair are complementary which means
that their shape allows them to bind together with the use of
hydrogen bonds.

A

T

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7
Q

T or F

hydrogen bonds that the two strands are joined
together and is stabilized, which allows the formation of the
ladder-like double helix.

A

T

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8
Q

This double helix structure was first discovered by

A

Francis Crick and James

Watson with the help of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

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9
Q

the sequence or order of the nucleotides

A

primary structure of dna/rna

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10
Q

t or f

The nucleosides of the
polymer are joined by
phosphodiester linkages connecting through the oxygen on the 5’ carbon of
one to the oxygen on the 3’ carbon of another.

A

F nucleotide dapat

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11
Q

T or F

The oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the sugar-phosphate backbone gives DNA and RNA its unpolarity

A

f. it gives polarity

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12
Q

The secondary structure of

DNA

A

two polynucleotide
chains wrapped around one
another to form a double helix

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13
Q

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES THAT STABILIZE SECONDARY STRUCTURE

A

1 hydrophobic interactions between the nitrogenous bases and the surrounding sheath of water
2 hydrogen bonds
3 base stacking interactions
- van der Waals

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14
Q

Responsible for storing and

transferring genetic information

A

DNA

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15
Q

made up of a β-D-ribose sugar

backbone

A

RNA

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16
Q

Single stranded and with shorter

nucleotides

A

RNA

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17
Q

Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine

A

DNA

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18
Q

made up of a β-D-deoxyribose

sugar backbone

A

DNA

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19
Q

Functions as the messenger
between DNA and ribosomes,
which manufactures proteins

A

RNA

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20
Q

e basic physical unit of inheritance

A

genes

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21
Q

T or F

Genes are segments of DNA present within the chromosomes of a cell. Each
chromosome contains many genes.

A

T

22
Q

Genes are responsible for coding proteins, which play a huge role
in expressing the traits of an offspring.

t or F

A

T

23
Q

Each person has one copy of a particular gene, one coming
from each parent, similar but not necessarily identical to each other.

T or F

A

F, each person has 2 copies of particular gene

24
Q

proteins that provide structural support to a chromosome.

A

Histones

: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.

25
Q

T or F

Each nucleosome is made up of DNA wrapped around eight
histone proteins. They are called histone octamers

A

T

26
Q

histones are positively charge while dna is negatively charge hence, attracting each other

T or F

A

t

27
Q

basic structural and functional unit of chromatin

A

nucleosome

packing unit of DNA

28
Q

T or F

single nucleosome comprises of about 150 base pairs of DNA sequence wrapped around the histone proteins’ core

A

T

29
Q

technique used in laboratories for separation of the different
cellular components of a given sample.

A

cell lysis

30
Q

Composed of two layers (bilayer) of proteins and lipids (fats)

A

cellular membrane

31
Q
  • Composed of mainly the DNA

- Also known as the “nuclear envelope”

A

nuclear membrane

32
Q

LYSING AGENT

A

Detergent

33
Q

Binding AGnet

A

EDTA

34
Q

The detergent breaks the membranes apart, just as the detergent
dissolves the grease on our plates or dishes.

EDTA is a binding agent that prevents nucleases from working by
binding divalent cations such as Magnesium and Calcium.

A

T

35
Q

enzymes that break down the DNA if it is not protected

inside the nucleus.

A

Nucleases

36
Q

PRECIPITATING AGENT

A

ethanol

37
Q

nitrogenous base + sugar

A

nucleoside

38
Q

breaks proteins into small pieces,
just like papain tenderizes meat, by breaking down the protein muscle fibers. Papain is not deactivated by EDTA, so it will still work in our solution.

A

papain

39
Q

papain is present in meat tenderize T OR F

A

t

40
Q

In order to utilize the external DNA, bacteria cells secrete exoenzymes
called DNases outside of the cell that hydrolyze the DNA into nucleotides.

T or F

A

T

41
Q

determine the ability of an organism to hydrolyze DNA and

utilize it as a source of carbon and energy for growth.

A

DNase Test

42
Q

The main objective of Iodine Test is to differentiate organisms based on the
production of deoxyribonuclease

T or F

A

F. DNase Test not Iodine

43
Q
  • DNase agar is a differential medium that tests the ability of an organism
    to produce an exoenzyme, called the
A

DNase

extracellular endonucleases that cleave DNA and release free nucleotides
and phosphates.

44
Q

T or F

DNase agar contains nutrients for the bacteria, DNA, and mostly methyl
green as an indicator. Methyl green is a cation which binds to the negatively
charged DNA. Deoxyribonuclease allows the organisms that produce it
to break down DNA into smaller fragments.

A

T

45
Q

Determines the DNA concentration and purity

A

A260/A280 RATIO

46
Q

> 2.0

A

RNA Cont

47
Q

<1.8

A

Protein cont

48
Q

range of Good Sample DNA Purity

A

1.8-2.0

49
Q

used to chemically identify DNA in

a sample

A

Diphenylamine test

50
Q

reagent of diphenylamine

A

dipheylamine + concentrated H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid

Biochemistry Lecture and Laboratory (8 decks)

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