DNA

Question 1

two-stranded molecule that carries the unique genetic code of living
things.

• It is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

components of nucleotides

Answer 2

phosphate group

sugar group (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA)

one of the four nitrogen bases

Question 3

nitrogenous bases

Answer 3

adenine thymine(uracil in rna)
guanine cystosine

Question 4

2 rings

Answer 4

purine

Question 5

1 ring

Answer 5

pyrimidine

Question 6

T or F

The nucleotides in a base pair are complementary which means
that their shape allows them to bind together with the use of
hydrogen bonds.

Answer 6

T

Question 7

T or F

hydrogen bonds that the two strands are joined
together and is stabilized, which allows the formation of the
ladder-like double helix.

Answer 7

T

Question 8

This double helix structure was first discovered by

Answer 8

Francis Crick and James

Watson with the help of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

Question 9

the sequence or order of the nucleotides

Answer 9

primary structure of dna/rna

Question 10

t or f

The nucleosides of the
polymer are joined by
phosphodiester linkages connecting through the oxygen on the 5’ carbon of
one to the oxygen on the 3’ carbon of another.

Answer 10

F nucleotide dapat

Question 11

T or F

The oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the sugar-phosphate backbone gives DNA and RNA its unpolarity

Answer 11

f. it gives polarity

Question 12

The secondary structure of

DNA

Answer 12

two polynucleotide
chains wrapped around one
another to form a double helix

Question 13

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES THAT STABILIZE SECONDARY STRUCTURE

Answer 13

1 hydrophobic interactions between the nitrogenous bases and the surrounding sheath of water
2 hydrogen bonds
3 base stacking interactions
- van der Waals

Question 14

Responsible for storing and

transferring genetic information

Answer 14

DNA

Question 15

made up of a β-D-ribose sugar

backbone

Answer 15

RNA

Question 16

Single stranded and with shorter

nucleotides

Answer 16

RNA

Question 17

Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine

Answer 17

DNA

Question 18

made up of a β-D-deoxyribose

sugar backbone

Answer 18

DNA

Question 19

Functions as the messenger
between DNA and ribosomes,
which manufactures proteins

Answer 19

RNA

Question 20

e basic physical unit of inheritance

Answer 20

genes

Question 21

T or F

Genes are segments of DNA present within the chromosomes of a cell. Each
chromosome contains many genes.

Answer 21

T

Question 22

Genes are responsible for coding proteins, which play a huge role
in expressing the traits of an offspring.

t or F

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Each person has one copy of a particular gene, one coming
from each parent, similar but not necessarily identical to each other.

T or F

Answer 23

F, each person has 2 copies of particular gene

Question 24

proteins that provide structural support to a chromosome.

Answer 24

Histones

: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.

Question 25

T or F Each nucleosome is made up of DNA wrapped around eight histone proteins. They are called histone octamers

Answer 25

T

Question 26

histones are positively charge while dna is negatively charge hence, attracting each other T or F

Answer 26

t

Question 27

basic structural and functional unit of chromatin

Answer 27

nucleosome | packing unit of DNA

Question 28

T or F | single nucleosome comprises of about 150 base pairs of DNA sequence wrapped around the histone proteins’ core

Answer 28

T

Question 29

technique used in laboratories for separation of the different cellular components of a given sample.

Answer 29

cell lysis

Question 30

Composed of two layers (bilayer) of proteins and lipids (fats)

Answer 30

cellular membrane

Question 31

- Composed of mainly the DNA | - Also known as the “nuclear envelope”

Answer 31

nuclear membrane

Question 32

LYSING AGENT

Answer 32

Detergent

Question 33

Binding AGnet

Answer 33

EDTA

Question 34

The detergent breaks the membranes apart, just as the detergent dissolves the grease on our plates or dishes. EDTA is a binding agent that prevents nucleases from working by binding divalent cations such as Magnesium and Calcium.

Answer 34

T

Question 35

enzymes that break down the DNA if it is not protected | inside the nucleus.

Answer 35

Nucleases

Question 36

PRECIPITATING AGENT

Answer 36

ethanol

Question 37

nitrogenous base + sugar

Answer 37

nucleoside

Question 38

breaks proteins into small pieces, just like papain tenderizes meat, by breaking down the protein muscle fibers. Papain is not deactivated by EDTA, so it will still work in our solution.

Answer 38

papain

Question 39

papain is present in meat tenderize T OR F

Answer 39

t

Question 40

In order to utilize the external DNA, bacteria cells secrete exoenzymes called DNases outside of the cell that hydrolyze the DNA into nucleotides. T or F

Answer 40

T

Question 41

determine the ability of an organism to hydrolyze DNA and | utilize it as a source of carbon and energy for growth.

Answer 41

DNase Test

Question 42

The main objective of Iodine Test is to differentiate organisms based on the production of deoxyribonuclease T or F

Answer 42

F. DNase Test not Iodine

Question 43

- DNase agar is a differential medium that tests the ability of an organism to produce an exoenzyme, called the

Answer 43

DNase extracellular endonucleases that cleave DNA and release free nucleotides and phosphates.

Question 44

T or F DNase agar contains nutrients for the bacteria, DNA, and mostly methyl green as an indicator. Methyl green is a cation which binds to the negatively charged DNA. Deoxyribonuclease allows the organisms that produce it to break down DNA into smaller fragments.

Answer 44

T

Question 45

Determines the DNA concentration and purity

Answer 45

A260/A280 RATIO

Question 46

> 2.0

Answer 46

RNA Cont

Question 47

<1.8

Answer 47

Protein cont

Question 48

range of Good Sample DNA Purity

Answer 48

1.8-2.0

Question 49

used to chemically identify DNA in | a sample

Answer 49

Diphenylamine test

Question 50

reagent of diphenylamine

Answer 50

dipheylamine + concentrated H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid