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Biochemistry 2 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 functions of lipids?

A

storage form of metabolic fuel, structural components of membranes, and signaling molecules.

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2
Q

What is the definition of a fatty acid?

A

water insoluble, long-chain hydrocarbons with a terminal carboxyl group.

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3
Q

What is the definition of aliphatic?

A

Long chains of methyl groups

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4
Q

Saturated fatty acids (do/do not) have double bonds.

A

Do not

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5
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids (do/do not) have double bonds.

A

Do

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6
Q

Which carbon is 1 in the delta numbering system?

A

Carboxyl

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7
Q

Saturated fatty acids have what suffix?

A

-anoic acid

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8
Q

How many carbons is a short chain fatty acid?

A

2-4

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9
Q

how many carbons is a medium chain fatty acid?

A

6-12

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10
Q

How many carbons is a long chain fatty acid?

A

14-26

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11
Q

In the omega system, which carbon is 1?

A

methyl group of the fatty acid chain

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12
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids have what suffix?

A

-enoic acid

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13
Q

Are the double bonds naturally cis or trans in unsaturated fatty acids?

A

cis

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14
Q

What is the definition of amphipathic?

A

Dual nature; COOH reacts with water, the long chains do not.

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15
Q

Melting points and solubility are related to which 2 things?

A

chain length and degree of unsaturation.

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16
Q

Which (saturated or unsaturated) are especially sensitive to oxidation?

A

Unsaturated

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17
Q

What is the difference between conjugated and non conjugated?

A

Non conjugated have 2 single bond spacers, conjugated have 1 single bond spacer

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18
Q

Most naturally occurring fatty acids are conjugated or non-conjugated?

A

non-conjugated

19
Q

What is the definition of amphipathic?

A

Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

20
Q

What are the 8 major classes of lipids?

A

Fatty acids, glycerides, phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids, ketone bodies, cholesterol, steroids, eicosanoids

21
Q

What is the general definition of a fatty acid?

A

fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic tail. Can be saturated or unsaturated. Usually derived from triglycerides or phospholipids.

22
Q

What percentage of human fat is unsaturated?

A

Half (50%)

23
Q

What are non-essential fatty acids?

A

Fatty acids that can be made from glucose.

24
Q

What are 2 essential fatty acids?

A

linoleic acid and linolenic acid.

25
Q

What are essential fatty acids?

A

Fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet since no human enzyme can introduce a double bond beyond carbon 9

26
Q

What is the difference between triglycerides and triglycerols?

A

Nothing, they are the same thing.

27
Q

What are the 4 most prominent types of phosphoglycerides?

A

phophatidycholine, phosphatidylerine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol

28
Q

What are the major classes of glycerophospholipids based on?

A

Head groups.

29
Q

Which class of phosphoglycerides are lecithins?

A

Phophatidylcholine

30
Q

which form of lipid are concentrated in neural tissue?

A

sphingolipids

31
Q

What are sphingolipids based on?

A

Ceramide

32
Q

sphingomyelins are …

A

phospholipids

33
Q

What do glycosphinolipids contain?

A

carbohydrates

34
Q

What are the 4 types of glycosphinolipids?

A

cerebrodsides, globosides, gangliosides, sufatides

35
Q

Which type of glycosphinolipid is surfactant?

A

Phosphatidylcholine

36
Q

In what tissue are sphingolipids and glycolipids most abundant?

A

Neural tissue

37
Q

What bond is targeted by phospholipase A2?

A

FA#2 at the carboxyl end

38
Q

What bond is targeted by phospholipase A1?

A

FA#1 at the carboxyl end

39
Q

What bond is targeted by phospholipase C?

A

Phosphate group

40
Q

What bond is targeted by phospholipase D?

A

Head group

41
Q

Which defective lysosomal hydrolase is associated with Tay-Sachs disease?

A

Hexosaminidase A

42
Q

Which defective lysosomal hydrolase is associated with Gaucher’s disease?

A

B-glucosidase

43
Q

What sugar accumulates in Gaucher’s disease?

A

Cerebroside

44
Q

What sugar accumulates in Tay-Sach’s disease?

A

Ganglioside

Biochemistry 2 (13 decks)

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