Lipids Flashcards
What are 3 functions of lipids?
storage form of metabolic fuel, structural components of membranes, and signaling molecules.
What is the definition of a fatty acid?
water insoluble, long-chain hydrocarbons with a terminal carboxyl group.
What is the definition of aliphatic?
Long chains of methyl groups
Saturated fatty acids (do/do not) have double bonds.
Do not
Unsaturated fatty acids (do/do not) have double bonds.
Do
Which carbon is 1 in the delta numbering system?
Carboxyl
Saturated fatty acids have what suffix?
-anoic acid
How many carbons is a short chain fatty acid?
2-4
how many carbons is a medium chain fatty acid?
6-12
How many carbons is a long chain fatty acid?
14-26
In the omega system, which carbon is 1?
methyl group of the fatty acid chain
Unsaturated fatty acids have what suffix?
-enoic acid
Are the double bonds naturally cis or trans in unsaturated fatty acids?
cis
What is the definition of amphipathic?
Dual nature; COOH reacts with water, the long chains do not.
Melting points and solubility are related to which 2 things?
chain length and degree of unsaturation.
Which (saturated or unsaturated) are especially sensitive to oxidation?
Unsaturated
What is the difference between conjugated and non conjugated?
Non conjugated have 2 single bond spacers, conjugated have 1 single bond spacer
Most naturally occurring fatty acids are conjugated or non-conjugated?
non-conjugated
What is the definition of amphipathic?
Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
What are the 8 major classes of lipids?
Fatty acids, glycerides, phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids, ketone bodies, cholesterol, steroids, eicosanoids
What is the general definition of a fatty acid?
fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic tail. Can be saturated or unsaturated. Usually derived from triglycerides or phospholipids.
What percentage of human fat is unsaturated?
Half (50%)
What are non-essential fatty acids?
Fatty acids that can be made from glucose.
What are 2 essential fatty acids?
linoleic acid and linolenic acid.
What are essential fatty acids?
Fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet since no human enzyme can introduce a double bond beyond carbon 9
What is the difference between triglycerides and triglycerols?
Nothing, they are the same thing.
What are the 4 most prominent types of phosphoglycerides?
phophatidycholine, phosphatidylerine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol
What are the major classes of glycerophospholipids based on?
Head groups.
Which class of phosphoglycerides are lecithins?
Phophatidylcholine
which form of lipid are concentrated in neural tissue?
sphingolipids
What are sphingolipids based on?
Ceramide
sphingomyelins are …
phospholipids
What do glycosphinolipids contain?
carbohydrates
What are the 4 types of glycosphinolipids?
cerebrodsides, globosides, gangliosides, sufatides
Which type of glycosphinolipid is surfactant?
Phosphatidylcholine
In what tissue are sphingolipids and glycolipids most abundant?
Neural tissue
What bond is targeted by phospholipase A2?
FA#2 at the carboxyl end
What bond is targeted by phospholipase A1?
FA#1 at the carboxyl end
What bond is targeted by phospholipase C?
Phosphate group
What bond is targeted by phospholipase D?
Head group
Which defective lysosomal hydrolase is associated with Tay-Sachs disease?
Hexosaminidase A
Which defective lysosomal hydrolase is associated with Gaucher’s disease?
B-glucosidase
What sugar accumulates in Gaucher’s disease?
Cerebroside
What sugar accumulates in Tay-Sach’s disease?
Ganglioside
