Detoxification of Xenobiotics

Question 0

Which layer of the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone?

Answer 0

Zona glomerulosa

Question 1

Which layer of the adrenal cortex produces cortisol?

Answer 1

Zona fasciculata

Question 2

Which layer of the adrenal cortex produces androgens?

Answer 2

Zona reticularis

Question 3

What are Xenobiotics?

Answer 3

Any compound that is foreign to the body

Question 4

What is the primary function of the detox systems?

Answer 4

Make the compound more soluable, since they are most often lipid like

Question 5

What is the chief reaction in Phase I detox system?

Answer 5

Hydroxylation

Question 6

Cytochrome p450s are ….

Answer 6

Monooxigenases

Question 7

What are mono-oxygenases?

Answer 7

Group of hemeproteins

Question 8

What does phase I use as a source of electrons?

Answer 8

NAPDH (pentose pathway)

FAD (ETC)

Question 9

What are the vitamins involved in Phase I detox?

Answer 9

Niacin, riboflavin, iron

Question 10

How does the phase II detox system increase water solubility?

Answer 10

By attaching hydrophilic groups onto the xenobiotic

Question 11

What are the primary reactions in phase II detox?

Answer 11

Conjugation reactions

Question 12

What are the 6 phases of phase II detox?

Answer 12

Glutathionation, glucuronidation, addition of aa, acetylation, sulfation, methylation

Question 13

What are the 3 kinds of glucuronidation?

Answer 13

O, N, S

Question 14

Glucuronidation adds onto which carbon?

Answer 14

C6

Question 15

O-glucuronidation uses what enzyme?

Answer 15

UGT

Question 16

Which step of phase II is most like cholesterol?

Answer 16

Addition of aa– bile acid plus taurine or glycine

Question 17

What is the primary purpose of the acetylation step of phase II?

Answer 17

Reduce the activity of the amino group conjugate in the 3rd step through masking.

Question 18

What is the function of the sulfation step of phase II?

Answer 18

Transfer activated sulfur group

Question 19

Does methylation improve solubility?

Answer 19

No, acts as a masking group

Question 20

What is an example of methylation important in the body?

Answer 20

SAM + NE to Epinephrine

Question 21

Where does the methyl group need to be added to NE to activate into epinephrine?

Answer 21

NH group

Question 22

When the methyl group adds to the carboxyl end, what is it called?

Answer 22

3-methoxynorepinepherine (inactive)

Question 23

What tissues are most important in detoxification reactions?

Answer 23

Liver (primary), lungs, adrenals, gut

Question 24

Where are the enzymes found in the cells for detox?

Answer 24

sER, mitochondria