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Biochemistry 2 > Eicosanoids > Flashcards

Eicosanoids Flashcards

0
Q

Eicosanoids are derivatives of … C fatty acids

A

20

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1
Q

What is meant by polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A

More than one double bond

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2
Q

Docosanoids are derivatives of … C fatty acids

A

22

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3
Q

What is a healthy ratio of linoleic acid to a-linoleic acid (Omega 6/3)?

A

4:1

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4
Q

Eicosanoids act as what?

A

Local signaling molecules

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5
Q

What are the 4 major categories of Eicosanoids?

A

Prostaglandins (PG), Prostacyclins, Leukotrienes (LT), Thromboxanes (TX)

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6
Q

Where are PGs formed?

A

Many tissues

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7
Q

Where are Prostacyclins produced?

A

Endothelium

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8
Q

Where are Leukotrienes produced?

A

Immune system cells

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9
Q

Where are Thromboxanes produced?

A

Platelets

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10
Q

What structure is the basis for all PGs?

A

Prostanoic acid

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11
Q

Which bonds projecting from the rings are in a trans position?

A

8-12

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12
Q

All PGs have a hydroxyl at which carbon?

A

C-15

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13
Q

What is the order of double bonds for PGs designation?

A

13-14, 5-6, 17-18

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14
Q

Leukotrienes are …. structures containing … bonds

A

Open-chain; 3-5 double bonds

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15
Q

What are all leukotrienes derivative of?

A

HPETEs

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16
Q

What does the numerical subscript indicate in the naming of leukotrienes?

A

The number of double bonds

17
Q

Is arachidonic acid an omega 3?

A

No, it is an omega 6

18
Q

How many double bonds in arachidonic acid? Where are they?

A

20:4 delta 5, 8, 11, 14

19
Q

Arachidonic acid is central to the synthesis of which lipids?

A

Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes

20
Q

Where are aa and other precursors for eicosanoids stored in the cells?

A

C2 position of membrane pospholipids

21
Q

What enzyme releases aa from storage?

A

Phospholipase a2

22
Q

Linoleic acid is the parent of which fatty acid family?

A

Omega 6

23
Q

a-linolenic acid is the parent of which fatty acid family?

A

Omega 3

24
Q

What is the delta designation of linoleic acid?

A

18:2^9,12

25
Q

What is the delta designation of a-linolenic acid?

A

18:3^9,12,15

26
Q

The physiological effects of the various eicosanoids may be manipulated by changing what?

A

Fatty acid composition of the diet.

27
Q

Thromboxanes are similar to PG except that…

A

The ring is 6-membered, oxy-heterocyclic

28
Q

What is the definition of a leukotrienes?

A

Open-chain structures containing 3-5 double bonds

29
Q

What class of enzymes initiate conversion of arachidonate and other precursors into PG’s and TX’s?

A

Cyclooxygenases (COX)

30
Q

What do cyclooxygenases initiate?

A

Conversion of arachidonate and other precursors into PGs, TXs

31
Q

What class of enzymes convert arachidonate into HPETEs (precursor for LTs) or into lipoxins?

A

Lipoxygenases (LOX)

32
Q

Lipoxygenases (LOX) convert what?

A

Arachidonate into HPETEs, (precursor for LT), or into lipoxins

33
Q

Which pathway is referred to as the cyclic pathway?

A

COX

34
Q

Which pathway is referred to as the linear pathway?

A

LOX

35
Q

When are eicosanoids inactivated?

A

When the hydroxyl at C15 is oxidized to a ketone.

36
Q

How to steroids act as an anti-inflammatory?

A

Induce synthesis of lipocortin, which inhibits phospholipase A2

37
Q

How do NSAIDs work?

A

Inhibit COX

38
Q

Is aspirin reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

39
Q

Is ibuprofen reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

40
Q

What do steroids and NSAIDs modulate?

A

Modifying aa release

41
Q

The capacity for arachidonic acid synthesis is greater with which diet addition?

A

G-linolenic acid (GLA)

Biochemistry 2 (13 decks)

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