Lipids 1

Question 1

How much energy for fats vs glycogen?

Answer 1

9 vs 4

Question 2

Nomenclature of FAs?

Answer 2

name 18:2 triangle 9, 12

name # of carbons; # of double bonds, position of double bonds counted from COOH end

Question 3

What fat can be broken down? cis or trans?

Answer 3

cis

Question 4

In humans, where can a double bond be introduced?

Answer 4

only up to carbon #9

Question 5

What are FA’s that contain double bonds past the #9 carbon?

Answer 5

w-3 and w-6

Question 6

FFA’s can be transfered across what?

Answer 6

cellular and mitochondrial membranes

Question 7

Where does the degradation of FAs into acetyl Coa occur?

Answer 7

inside the mitochondria

Question 8

How do you get a fatty acid into the mitochondria exactly?

Answer 8

you need to convert it into acyl-carnitine, which goes into the IMM; and then convert it back into acyl Coa

Question 9

What disorder results from an inability to import FAs into the mito?

Answer 9

defect in carnitiine; hypoglycemia and ketone bodies in urine

Question 10

Degradation of simple FAs (4 steps)

Answer 10

:)

Question 11

What is the first enzyme used to degrade a simple FA?

Answer 11

acyl CoA DH

Question 12

What is produced from the degradation of a simple fas?

Answer 12

acyl-Coa –> fatty acyl-cOa and acetyl coa

Question 13

A FA with 16 carbons yields how many molecules of acetyl-Coa? # of NADH and # FADH? How many total ATP?

Answer 13

8 molecules of acetyl coA
7 NADH and FADH
106 ATP

Question 14

How do you degrade unsaturated FAs?

Answer 14

1. if double bond occurs between C3 and 4; enyol COA isomerase converts cis to trans bond
2. If double bond occurs between C4 and C5; a reductase produces trans enyol

Question 15

a-oxidation of fa’s occurs in what organelle?

Answer 15

peroxisome

Question 16

In what 2 ways does B oxidation in the peroxisome differ from B-oxidation in the mitochondria?

Answer 16

1. H202 is generated instead of FADH

2. peroxisomal B-oxidation degrads long acyl COa and ends with acyl chain shortened to 8 carbons

Question 17

What are 4 acyl-CoA DH deficiencies?

Answer 17

you can’t break down FAs; VLCAD, LCAD, and MCAD, and SCAT; causes non-ketotic hypoglycemia and can be life-threatening

Question 18

VLCAD, LCAD, MCAD, and SCAT are what type of disorder?

Answer 18

acyl-Coa DH deficiencies

Question 19

What are 3 types of FA oxidation disorders?

Answer 19

1. acyl-CoA DH deficiencies
2. porblems wiht a-oxidation of branched FA phytanic acid (Refsum syndrome)
3. Zellweger syndrome

Question 20

What is a disorder that results from problems with a-oxidation of branched FA phytanc acid?

Answer 20

Refusm

Question 21

What causes non-ketoic hypoglycemia?

Answer 21

VLCAD, LCAD< MCAD, SCAT: acyl-Coa DH defieicnes