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Bch 201 > Lipid Slide > Flashcards

Lipid Slide Flashcards

1
Q

Fatty acid synthesis

occurs primarily in the cytoplasm
of these tissues:
•\_\_\_\_\_
•\_\_\_\_\_ (fat)
•\_\_\_\_\_  System
•\_\_\_\_\_\_ gland
A

Liver

Adipose

Central Nervous

Lactating mammary

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2
Q

Glucagon and epinephrine
(inhibit or stimulates?) fatty acid synthesis,
and insulin (inhibit or stimulates?) it

A

Inhibit

Stimulates

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3
Q

Fatty Acid Synthesis and Oxidation Compared:

Pathway for fatty acid synthesis is in _____.
FA oxidation occurs in ______.

Lipogenesis involves oxidation of _____.
F.A. spiral involves reduction of _____ and ____

A

cytoplasm

mitochondria

NADPH

FADH+ & NAD+.

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4
Q

Fatty Acid Synthesis and Oxidation Compared:

Lipogenesis uses a ______ complex called ____.
Fatty acid degradation uses ____ enzymes, not necessarily ______

Lipogenesis intermediates are carried by
___________
____is the carrier for intermediates formed in the fatty acid spiral

A

multi-enzyme ; fatty acid synthase

individual

physically associated.

ACP (acyl carrier protein)

CoA

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5
Q

Acetyl-CoA in fat synthesis temporarily bound to enzyme complex as _______

A

malonyl-CoA.

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6
Q

The synthesis of ______ is

the 1st step of fatty acid synthesis

A

malonyl-CoA

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7
Q

The ____________ shuttle system is for transferring acetyl CoA from mitochondrion to cytosol

A

citrate–malate–pyruvate

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8
Q

Cholesterol = ___ C

Progestin = ____C

Glucocorticoids = ___C

Mineralocorticoid = ___C

Androgens = ____C

Estrogen = ____C

A

27

21

21

21

19

18

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9
Q

Cholesterol

  • has __ carbons
  • Synthesis takes __ Acetyl CoA molecules
  • ___ separate enzymatic steps
  • Occurs in the liver, makes __-___ g / day
  • Average diet takes in __ g cholesterol / day
A

27

15

27

  1. 5 to 2.0
  2. 3
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10
Q

Liver normally converts ___ to bile acid

A

Cholesterol

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11
Q

Summary of cholesterol synthesis

-acetyl CoA to ________ to ____ to _____

A

Isopentynyl diphosphate

squalene

cholesterol

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12
Q

isopentynyl diphosphate can be used to produce vitamin _____

A

AEK

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13
Q

Biosynthesis of cholesterol

begins with ___ acetyl CoA molecules forming a __ C ____ molecule

A

3

6

mevalonate

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14
Q

PROPER cholesterol SYNTHESIS

  • acetyl coA + acetyl coA =X
  • X + acetyl coA= Y by ______

-Y to Z by ______

  • Z to P
  • to ________ to
  • __________ to
  • ______ to
  • ______ to
  • cholesterol

-VLDL: carry newly synthesized TAG from liver to peripheral tissues

IDL- intermediate between VLDL and LDL
LDL- carries cholesterol from liver to body
HDL- carries cholesterol from body to liver
LPL-hydrolyzes TAG in cyclomitrons; also cleaves TAG in VLDL to become IDL
HSL- degradation of TAG in adipose tissues

A

X = aceto acetyl coA

Y= HMG coA ; HGM synthetase

Z= mevalonate; HGM reductase

P= isopentyl pyrophosphate

geranyl pyrophosphate

farnesyl pyrophosphate

squalene

lanosterol

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15
Q

HMG coA = __________

A

3-hydroxyl 3-methyl glutaryl

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16
Q

STATINS

  • drugs that ____ cholesterol level in the blood
  • they do this by being _____ to block the production of ____ by inhibiting _____
A

reduce

competitive inhibitors

mevalonate

HGM reductase

17
Q

mevastatin to ___statin to ___statin(Lipitor and ringed structure)

A

lova

Atorva

18
Q

statins also help with ____ and ______ response that causes coronary heart diseases(anti inflammatory)

A

osteoporosis

inflammatory

19
Q

EXERCISE AND CARBS/LIPID METABOLISM

  • humans burn (more or less ?) fat than carb in Resting state
  • but at the beginning of exercise, due to urgent need for energy, ___ are metabolized first (they are faster)
  • high intensity workouts burn ____ at first
  • low intensity workouts burn ___ eventually because it goes on for a longer duration
A

More

carbs

carbs

fat

20
Q

Relationship between
Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism

________ is the link between
lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways.

Glucose, Glycerol, & Fatty acids
all degrade into _____

Biosynthesis of
fatty acids, ketone bodies, & cholesterol
all use _____

A

Acetyl CoA

acetyl CoA

acetyl CoA.

21
Q

Ketone bodies form when there is an imbalance between _____ and ____ :
Inadequate amounts of ____,
during adequate times of ____ metabolism.

A

lipids and carbohydrates

glucose

lipid

22
Q

Cholesterol and Fatty Acid synthesis occurs when body is overly rich in _______,
beyond energy needs for cellular activity.

A

acetyl CoA,

23
Q

Degradation of TAG in adipose tissue (lipolysis) is catalyzed by _________

A

hormone sensitive lipase (HSL).

24
Q

Synthesis of ketone bodies (ketogenesis)

  • substrate:____
  • product:_______,______,_____
  • subcelullar location:____ of ____
  • organ location: ____
  • Excessive production of ketone bodies is typical during ______ or _____
A

acetyl-CoA

acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetone

matrix of mitochondria

liver

starvation or diabetes mellitus

25
Q

starvation or diabetes mellitus:

•↑ lipolysis → ↑__ →____ of _____ → excess of ______ → ↑ ketogenesis

A

FA

β-oxidation of FA

acetyl-CoA

26
Q

Use of ketone bodies by the Extrahepatal Tissues

  • acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate are reconverted to _____ (→ citric acid cycle)
  • is located in matrix of mitochondria of the peripheral tissues
  • is significant in ___ muscles, ___ and also in the _____ if lack of Glc occurs
A

acetyl-CoA

skeletal

Heart

Brain

27
Q

The committed step in fatty acids synthesis

•Formation of malonyl-CoA by ___________ (a key regulatory enzyme).

Citrate is an ______ and palmitoyl-CoA _____ this enzyme.

A

acetyl-CoA carboxylase

allosteric stimulator

inhibits

28
Q

Synthesis of cholesterol
•substrate: _____
•product: cholesterol
•function: de novo synthesis of endogenous cholesterol
•subcelullar location:_____ and _____
•organ location: liver, intestine, adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes and placenta make the largest contributions to the body´s cholesterol pool.

A

acetyl-CoA

cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum

29
Q

VLDL: carry ________ from ___ to _____

A

Newly synthesized TAG

liver; peripheral tissues

30
Q

IDL- intermediate between ____ and ____

LDL- carries _____ from ___ to ____

HDL- carries ____ from ____ to ____

A

VLDL and LDL

Cholesterol; liver to body

cholesterol; body to liver

31
Q

LPL-hydrolyzes ____ in ____ ; also cleaves ____ in ____ to become ——

A

TAG

cyclomicrons

TAG in VLDL

IDL

32
Q

HSL- degradation of ___ in adipose tissues

A

TAG

33
Q

Chylomicrons carry ____ from the _____ to the ____ and ____

A

TAG (fat)

intestine

liver and adipose tissue.

34
Q

_____________ (lpl)

And it’s synthesis is (stimulated to inhibited?) by insulin

A

lipoprotein lipase

Stimulated

Bch 201 (11 decks)

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