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Bch 201 > Glycolysis and TCA > Flashcards

Glycolysis and TCA Flashcards

1
Q

Hexokinase is a key glycolytic enzyme.

T/F

A

T

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2
Q

Hexokinase catalyses a regulatory step in glycolysis that is (reversible or irreversible?) .

A

Irreversible

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3
Q

the irreversibility catalyzed by hexokinase in glycolysis is circumvented by another enzyme ___________ .

A

glucose-6-phosphatase

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4
Q

Hexokinase and _____ may be considered as iso-enzymes

A

glucokinase

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5
Q

Which is under the influence of insulin and which isn’t

Glucokinase or hexokinase

A

Glucokinase is under the influence of insulin; but hexokinase is not.

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6
Q

The _____ of glucose traps it within the cells

A

phosphorylation

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7
Q

PFK is an ____, _____, and ____ enzyme.

A

allosteric

inducible

regulatory

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8
Q

the rate limiting reaction in glycolysis is catalyzed by ______ enzyme and is the conversion of _____ to ______

However, during gluconeogenesis, this step is circumvented by _________.

A

Phosphofructokinase

From fructose-6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 biphosphate

fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

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9
Q

Which steps of glycolysis are referred to as the preparatory phase

A

The steps 1,2 and 3 together are called as the preparatory phase.

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10
Q

1,3-bisphospho glycerate contains a (high or low?) energy bond.

A

High

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11
Q

Enolase requires ____ ions and will (reversibly or irreversibly?) be inhibited by ______ .

A

Mg++

Irreversibly

fluoride

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12
Q

fluoride will stop the whole glycolysis

T/F

A

T

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13
Q

In anaerobic condition, pyruvate is reduced to _____ by ______

A

lactate by lactate dehydrogenase

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14
Q

In RBCs

there are no _____. Hence RBCs derive energy only through _____, where the end product is _____\

A

mitochondria

glycolysis

lactic acid.

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15
Q

GLYCOLYSIS
Aka

_________ pathway

A

embden-meyerhof-parnas

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16
Q

glucose to ______ ( aerobic )

-glucose to _____ (anaerobic)

A

Pyruvate

lactate

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17
Q

all reactions in glycolysis take place in the _____

A

cytoplasm

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18
Q

FUN PART

(1) Glucose to ______
- _______(______ in liver)

(2) _______ to ______
- ___________

(3) _________ to ______
- _________

(4) ___________ to _________
- aldolase
- reversible

(5) G3P to 1,3 biphosphoglycerate
- _______________

(6) _________ to _______
- ______________

(7) ________ to ______
- _________

(8) _________ to _______
- ______

(9) _______ to ______
- _______

A

Glucose 6 phosphate; hexokinase; glucokinase

Glucose 6 phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate ; phosphohexose isomerase

Fructose 6 phosphate to Fructose 1,6 bi phosphate ; phosphofructo kinase

Fructose 1,6 bi phosphate to 2 mol of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate; G3P dehydrogenase

1,3 biphosphoglycerate to 3 phosphoglycerate; 1,3 bi phosphoglycerate kinase

3 phosphoglycate to 2 phosphoglycerate; phosphoglycero mutase

2 phosphoglycerate to phosphonenolpyruvate ; enolase

phosphoenolpyruvate to Pyruvate; Pyruvate kinase

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19
Q

ATP is used In Which steps in glycolysis and say the conversions

A

1 and 3

Glucose to Glucose 6 phosphate

Fructose 6 phosphate to Fructose 1,6 bi phosphate

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20
Q

Which step of glycolysis is NADH produced

A

G3P to 1,3 biphosphoglycerate

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21
Q

Regulatory enzymes of glycolysis

List the 4

A

Hexokinase

Phosphofructokinase

Pyruvate kinase

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

22
Q

ATP is produced In Which steps in glycolysis and say the conversions

A

1,3 biphosphoglycerate to 3 phosphoglycerate

And

phosphoenolpyruvate to Pyruvate

23
Q

Irreversible steps of glycolysis

A

1= glucose to glucose 6 phosphate

3= fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 biphosphate

9= phosphoenolpyruvate to Pyruvate

24
Q

Glucokinase can act when there is shortage of glucose.

T/F

With reason

A

F
Glucokinase can act only when there is plentyof glucose.

It has low affinity and high Km for glucose

25
Q

Phosphofructokinase

__________ are the mostimportant allosteric inhibitors.

____ acts as an allosteric activator

A

ATP and citrate

AMP

26
Q

When energy is plenty in the cell, glycolysis is (inhibited or activated?)

A

inhibited

27
Q

___________ acts as a link between catabolic and anabolic pathways (amphibolic role).

A

TCA cycle

28
Q

Pyruvate derived from glycolysis is __________ to acetyl CoA by ________

A

oxidatively decarboxylated

pyruvate dehydrogenase

29
Q

The pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction occurs in the _________.

A

mitochondria

30
Q

Pyruvate can enter the mitochondria from the cytoplasm by itself
T/F

A

F

Pyruvate with the help of a carrier can enter the mitochondria from the cytoplasm.

31
Q

All the enzymes of citric acid cycle are located inside the _____________.

A

mitochondria

32
Q

TCA cycle

From acetyl coA + ________

To ________

To ________

To _________

To __________

To _________

To _________

To __________

To ___________

A

Oxaloacetate

Citrate

Isocitrate

Alpha keto glutarate

Succinyl coA

Succinate

Fumarate

Malate

Oxaloacetate

33
Q

Formation of Citric Acid

The __ carbon, _____ condenses with __ carbon, ____ to form __ carbon compound, the _____

The enzyme is ______.

This is (a reversible or an irreversible?) step.

However, body can reverse this step by another enzyme, _______________

A

4; oxaloacetate

2; acetyl CoA

6; citrate

citrate synthase

an irreversible

ATP-citrate lyase

34
Q

Formation of Isocitrate

Citrate is isomerized to isocitrate by _______ .

This reaction is a two-step process. At first, _______ is removed from citrate forming ________ .

Immediately, _________ is added to _____ to form isocitrate. Thus the position of the hydroxyl group is shifted.

A

aconitase

one water molecule; cis aconitate

one water molecule ; aconitate

35
Q

cis aconitate

a ______ compound with a very (short or long?) half-life

A

transient

Short

36
Q

Formation of Alpha Ketoglutarate

This reaction is a two-step process, both catalyzed by the same enzyme, ___________

In the first part of the reaction, isocitrate is _________ to form _____.

It is an unstable compound which undergoes spontaneous ______ to form alpha ketoglutarate.

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

dehyrogenated; oxalosuccinate

decarboxylation

37
Q

The ______ generated in formation of alpha ketoglutarte step is later oxidized in electron transport chain (ETC) to generate ATPs

A

NADH

38
Q

Isocitrate (__ carbons) undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to form alpha ketoglutarate (__ carbons).

In this reaction, one molecule of ___ is liberated.

A

6; 5

CO2

39
Q

Formation of Succinyl CoA

alpha ketoglutarate is oxidatively decarboxylated to form succinyl CoA by the enzyme ___________

A

alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

40
Q

Formation of succinyl coA

The ____ thus generated enters into ETC to generate ATPs.

One molecule of ___ is removed in this step.

A

NADH

CO2

41
Q

the irreversible step in the whole TCA reaction cycle is ?

A

Formation of succinyl coA

42
Q

Generation of Succinate

The enzyme is _______ .

A molecule of ___ is phosphorylated to ___ which can be converted to _____ by reacting with an _____ molecule

A

succinate thiokinase

GDP; GTP

ATP

ADP

43
Q

Formation of Fumarate

Succinate is dehydrogenated to fumarate by ____________

The hydrogen atoms are accepted by _____ to become _____ then enters into ETC to generate ATPs.

A

succinate dehydrogenase

FAD

FADH2

44
Q

fumarate

(Saturated or unsaturated?)

(Mono or di?) carboxylic acid

A

Unsaturated

Di

45
Q

succinate dehydrogenase

The enzyme is a ___protein.

A

flavo

46
Q

The succinate dehydrogenase is competitively inhibited by ______

A

malonate

47
Q

Formation of Malate

The formation of malate from fumarate is catalyzed by _______.

The reaction involves the addition of a _____ molecule.

A

fumarase

water

48
Q

In formation of malate

L and D- malate is formed.

A

F

Only L-malate is formed.

49
Q

Regeneration of Oxaloacetate

Finally malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate by ________ .

The ____ is generated in this step, which enters the electron transport chain, when ATPs are produced.

A

malate dehydrogenase

NADH

50
Q

____________ reaction is the only one irreversible step in the cycle

A

Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Bch 201 (11 decks)

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