Lipid Metabolism

Question 1

Lipids

Answer 1

Chemical substances consisting of long-chain fatty acids.

Question 2

Triglycerides

Answer 2

Used in energy metabolism

Question 3

Phospholipids

Answer 3

Important in structural components

Question 4

Cholesterol

Answer 4

Precursor to steroids
Cell membrane synth.
Metabolic precursor of bile acids
Obtained from diet
Synthesized in liver and intestinal mucosa

Question 5

Elevated ______ is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis.

Answer 5

Cholesterol

Question 6

Chylomicrons

Answer 6

Exogenous transport pathway

Carry triglycerides, fat and cholesterol from the gut to the liver.

Question 7

VLDL

Answer 7

Very low-density lipoprotein
Endogenous transport pathway
Main transporter of TG from liver to peripheral tissues.

Question 8

HDL

Answer 8

Synthesized in liver
High-density lipoproteins
Carries cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to liver
Inverse correlation w/ coronary heart dz risk.

Question 9

LDL

Answer 9

Bad cholesterol
Low-density lipoprotein
Main carrier of cholesterol from liver to peripheral tissues.
Linked to coronary atherosclerosis

Question 10

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 10

Have single bonds btw carbon atoms.
C atoms are full, saturated
Most animal fat and coconut oil

Question 11

Hypercholesterolemia causes

Answer 11

Genetics, age
Saturated fat, cholesterol
Sedendary lifestyle
Poorly controlled DM
Hypothyroidism
nephrotic syndrome
obstructive liver dz
alcoholism
drug therapy

Question 12

Uptake of LDL’s by macrophages in the arterial can result in:

Answer 12

Insoluble cholesterol esters
Formation of foam cells
Development of atherosclerosis

Question 13

HDL inhibits cellular uptake of?

Answer 13

LDL

Question 14

Apoproteins

Answer 14

Six major classes
Regulate lipid transport and metabolism
Genetic defects cause hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Synthesized in intestine and liver..

Question 15

Atherosclerosis process

Answer 15

1: Accumulation of lipoproteins within inner layer of arterial wall
2: oxidation of lipoproteins leads to inflammatory rxn
3: foam cells are accumulated, leading to fatty lesion formation.
4: Fatty lesions become fibrous plaques
5: fissures develop in plaque, exposing underlying tissues to platelets.
6: platelet adhesion leads to thrombus

Question 16

Lipid metabolism process

Answer 16

1: Ingested fat emulsified by bile
2: Long-chain FA packaged into micelles in SI
3: Micelles taken up by mucosal cells, used in synthesis of chylomicrons
4: Nascent (immature) chylomicrons enter blood at thoracic duct
5: HDL’s give apoproteins to nascent chylomicrons maturing them.
6: LPL (lipoprotein lipase) is activated by apoprotein CII, allowing triglycerides in lipoprotein to be broken down.
7: fatty acids taken into adipose
8: You become fat, fatty mc. fat pants.

Question 17

Lipoprotein

Answer 17

Phospholipid and protein complex circulation in blood

Question 18

Ketosis

Answer 18

Result of liver converting fat into fatty acids (alternate energy source to glucose).
The rate of formation of ketones is faster than the ability of tissues to oxidize them.
Ketone bodies decarboxylate into acetone
-starvation, low carb diets

Question 19

Health risks associated with obesity

Answer 19

Type II Diabetes
CVD
Sleep breathing abnormalities
Gallstones
Menstrual irregularity
Osteoarthritis
Cancer