Gestational and Type I Diabetes

Question 1

Type I Diabetes

Answer 1

5-10% of diabetes
Autoimmune, destroys Beta Cells
NO insulin is being produced
Insulin must be replaced IM

Question 2

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 2

90 - 95% of cases
Insulin being produced, but receptors are lacking.
Glucose levels rise
Insulin resistance

Question 3

Gestational Diabetes (GDM)

Answer 3

2-10% of expectant mothers
Most common health problem of pregnancy
Insulin receptor dysfxn
Increased risk of large babies

Question 4

Anabolic GDM

Answer 4

First half of pregnancy
Beta cell hyperplasia
Increased uptake and storage of glucose

Question 5

Catabolic GDM

Answer 5

Second half of pregnancy
Placental hormones block glucose receptors
Causes insulin resistance
Increased glucose and AA for the fetus

Question 6

GDM risk factors

Answer 6

Family history
Previous child >9 lbs
Glycosuria
Previous stillbirth
Maternal age >30
Obesity

Question 7

GDM adverse outcome for mother

Answer 7

Polyhydramnios (excess amniotic fluid)
Birth trauma/operative delivery
50-60% risk of developing type 2 DM

Question 8

Diabetes presentation (1 and 2)

Answer 8

Poly:uria/dipsia/phagia
Lack of energy
Blurred vision (glucose in eye)
pruritis
candida infxn
hyperglycemia
glucosuria
Ketones in blood and urine

Question 9

Diabetes Dx

Answer 9

FBS >126 on 2 seperate occasions
Random blood sugar >200
Glucose tolerance test
HhA1C > 6.5%

Question 10

Diabetes end-organ disease

Answer 10

Microvascular:
-diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy
Macrovascular:
-CAD, MI, TIA, stroke, PAD

Question 11

Lowering HgA1c to 7% reduces:

Answer 11

Microvascular complications

Neuropathic complications

Question 12

Which 2 diseases is diabetes the leading cause of?

Answer 12

Blindness and Kidney Disease