Link between animal welfare and disease

Question 1

3 models of animal welfare

Question 2

Brambell report (1965)

Answer 2

5 freedoms
1. freedom from thirst, hunger, and malnutrition
2. freedom from discomfort and exposure
3. freedom from pain, injury, and disease
4. freedom from fear and distress
5. freedom to express normal behavior

Question 3

3 circles view (2008)

Answer 3

physical: health and functioning
mental: affective states
natural state: natural behaviors

• prioritizing one could affect others

Question 4

5 domains model (Mellor, 2017)

Answer 4

• in New Zealand & Australia

1. nutrition: water, food intake & food quality
2. environment: temperature, confinement, shelter
3. health: disease, injury
4. behavior: choices, limitations

ALL LEAD TO:
5. mental state: pain, thermal comfort, boredom, frustration, happiness

Question 5

Affect

Answer 5

• experiences feelings, mood, and emotions
• valence: positive, negative
• long and short lasting, related to scientific events

Question 6

2 major components of dimensional view of affective states

Answer 6

Arousal & Valence

Negative valence & high arousal: fearful

Negative valence & low arousal: sad

Positive valence & high arousal: excited

Positive valence & low arousal: calm/relaxed

Question 7

Why are physiological measures not good indicators of animal affective states

Answer 7

it’s not enough to tell b/c can’t really extinguish b/twn - or + with just physiological

Question 8

How do we measure population level welfare in animals

Answer 8

• morbidity and mortality measured to assess population-level animal welfare
  
  • morbidity: measurement of disease in a population within a given period of time
  • mortality: number of deaths in a population over a certain amount of time

measurements of morbidity and mortality
- incidence: number of diseased animals in a population over a specified period of time
- prevalence: number of diseased animals in a population at a given time

Question 9

How stressors lead to disease & disease to poor welfare

Answer 9

Poor welfare <-> disease

disease -> poor welfare -> more disease/make it worse -> worse welfare -> death

Question 10

stressors

Answer 10

psychological stressor -> negative affective state
- disease, poor nutrition, injuries/accidents, environmental threats can lead to negative affective states

negative affective state -> physiological response -> physiological problem -> increased mortality
- OR to self harming behaviors (abnormal)