LIMITS Flashcards
If a limit is exceed to where “XXX” is indicated:
The crew shall land as soon as practicable.
Except for emergencies, a ___ delay is required between start attempts anytime a start is aborted.
60 second
For crossbleed starts the receiving engine shall be at or above ___ prior to advancing the PCL to idle.
24% Ng
TGT start limit
851 Celsius until idle speed is attained
Engine operation with ____ engaged is prohibited.
Gust lock
TGT Limit
EDECU MRP
0-810 continuous green 810-851 30 minutes yellow 851-878 10 minutes red (as required for max power and limiter checks only) 878-903 2.5 minutes red 903-949 12 seconds red 949 maximum
Np
<96% avoid red 96-105 continuous green (yellow >101) 105-117 20 seconds yellow 117-120 12 seconds yellow 120 maximum red
*during engagement extended operations in the 20-40 and 60-75 ranges may cause engine damage.
Nr
<96% avoid red 96-101 continuous green 101-120 precautionary yellow 120 max red >120 123% maximum for FCF only red 127 overspeed latch red
Dual engine torque <80kias
0-120 continuous green
120-144 10 seconds yellow
144 max red
Dual engine torque applies anytime both engines are above 65% torque
*Engine torques over 150 are displayed as red XXX.
Dual engine torque
>80 kias
0-106 continuous green
106-127 10 seconds yellow
127 max red
Dual engine torque applies anytime both engines are above 65% torque
*Engine torques over 150 are displayed as red XXX
Single engine torque
0-135 continuous green
135-144 10 seconds yellow
144 max red
*Engine torques over 150 are displayed as red XXX
Ng
0-102.2 continuous green
102.2-106 2.5 minutes yellow
106-107 12 seconds red
107 max red
XMSN Temp
-50-105 continuous green
105-120 precautionary yellow
120 max red
*prolonged hovering in hot weather 86F (30C) and high gross weight may cause temperatures to rise in the yellow precautionary range. Operation in the precautionary range for less than 30 mins during any one flight under these conditions is acceptable.
XSMN Pressure
20psi minimum red 20-30 idle and transient yellow 30-65 (45-60 in lvl flt)continuous green 65-130 precautionary yellow 130 max red
- during steady state level pitch attitudes (level flight) the xsmn oil pressure should be 45-60psi. The following conditions do not constitute an emergency situation but may be indicative of a degraded lubrication system. Any discrepancy shall be documented on a MAF.
1: steady pressure outside the 45-60 range but within the normal limits 30-65.
2: fluctuations not to exceed a range of 10psi within the normal limits of 30-65.
During transient pitch or steady state nose high attitudes (autos, downwind hovering, rearward flight, slope up landings) xsmn oil pressure fluctuations (including momentary fluctuations below 30psi and transient drops below 20psi for up to 1 second) are acceptable. Operating with pressure fluctuations below 30psi shall be limited to 30 minutes.
Engine Oil Temp
-50-135 normal green
135-150 30minutes yellow
150 max red
Eng oil press
22 min red 22-26 precautionary yellow 26-100 continuous green 100-120 precautionary yellow 120 max red
*normal idle is 22-55psi
Min fuel on landing
600 lbs
Engine Start/motor
START
STRTR ENGD STRTR DISNGD
<16c First cycle 60s
Second cycle. 60s
Third cycle. 60s
Fourth cycle. 30m
16-52c First cycle. 60s
Second cycle. 30m
ENGINE MOTOR (IGN OFF)
Any temp
Two minutes. 2min
Two minutes. 5min
- a start cycle is defined as starter initiation, acceleration and dropout.
- times for motoring are cumulative within a five minute period.
APU Limitations (not temps)
Not intended for routine flight use. Acceptable in flight use includes: Emergency procedures Single engine training Practice autos Powering ECS during extreme temp ops
Transmission Limitations (think MAFs)
The transmission is limited by Nr, torque, xsmn oil pressure and temp.
If xsmn oil pressure or temperature are in the precautionary range the helicopter shall not be scheduled for additional flights until mx action is performed.
Rotor engagement/disengagement
Max winds are 45kts from any direction
Vne
180kias
Sideward/rearward
35kts
Autorotation
100kias
With FLIR installed failure to maintain balanced flight below 90kts in descents over 1000fpm will result in inaccurate and erratic air speed indications
Boost off
140 kias
Two sas inop in IMC
125 kias
Either pri servo press caution
125 kias
Searchlight in fixed other than stowed
160kias
Searchlight in transition
100 kias
Dome at or above trail (10’ cable extended, 6’ below aircraft)
Dome below trail
70kias
45 aob
70kias
15 aob
Dome 6’ below aircraft 10’ of cable out
Cabin door open/close
60kias
With cabin door open uncoordinated flight should be avoided.
Maneuvering with rescue hoist loads
Rate of descent limited to 1000fpm
Hovering limits
Avoid prolonged rearward flight and downwind hovering to prevent exhaust accum in helicopter and heat damage to an open cabin door.
Pedal turns at a rate in excess of 30degrees/sec
Dipping sonar ops at alts other than 70’
*if at other than 70’ when dome entering/exiting water equipment may be damaged by electrostatic discharge:
Do not tow transducer in the water above 8kgs with array folded and 4kgs unfolded.
- exceeding 8/4kgs May cause TA cable separation
- towing is cable contacting the funnel. Airspeed May be higher than 8/4 if not contacting the funnel.
AOB limits
Normal ops 45 deg
Ops above 10k DA. 30deg
Either pri servo press caution. 30deg
Boost off flight. 30deg
Max operating DA
13k
Prohibited maneuvers
Aerobatic flight
*an intentional maneuver involving an abrupt change in a/c attitude, intentionally performed spins, or other maneuvers requiring pitch/dive angles greater than 45deg, bank angles greater than 60deg, or accel greater than 2Gs. A maneuver that conforms to the model NATOPS manual (break, autorotation) is not considered aerobatic flight.
Practice full autorotation landings
Intentional approaches into or inducement of retreating blade stall.
Rotor break
Max application is 76% Nr
Routine stops between 30-50% Nr at 180psi.
Fold/spread limits
Max wind is 45kts from any direction for main rotors, stab and tail rotor
10min cooking period between a complete fold and spread evolution.
(Defined as a complete spread followed immediately by a fold or vice versa)
Landing limits
Fpm
Speeds
Slopes
720 fpm for gross weight <19,500
480 fpm for gross weight >19,500
360 fpm for sloped terrain
Max touchdown speed shall not exceed 75kgs with tailwheel locked and 20kgs with TW unlocked.
Max ground taxi is 40kgs with tail gear shimmy damper and 20kgs without shimmy damper.
Slope landing Limits 6deg nose down 9deg nose up 12deg cross slope *a low frequency oscillation may occur when landing nose down on a slope with cyclic near aft stop.
Downwind landings should be avoided.
Max operating weights
23,500lbs total
23,500lbs for aviation ships
22,500lbs for air capable/amphibious assault aviation ships
Internal load weight limits
300lbs/ft^2
Cargo hook and rescue hoist max weight
6000lbs cargo hook
600lbs rescue hoist
Cg limits
7.5 in left and 8.0 in right at max gross weight
Min equip for night flight overwater
LAWS
Altitude Hold
Min equip for flight into known icing
Helicopters equipped with operable anti ice and blade deice equip are permitted flight into known forecast or known trace/light icing conditions. All installed equipment (engine/rotor/windshield) shall be operational prior to flight. Helicopters not equipped with operable blade deice equipment are prohibited from flight into forecast or know icing conditions (ambient temp of 5c or below in visible moisture).
*flight into forecast or known moderate/severe icing conditions is prohibited.
Advanced helicopter emer egress lighting system
Individual heli emer egr ltg sys
Except in emergencies adheels/iheels shall be operational for all overwater flights requiring pax/non aircrew in the cabin.
Temperature limits
- 40f to 140f
- 40c to 60c
Backup hydraulic pump
*Rotors Static
OAT OP TIME. COOLDOWN
33-38c. 24min. 72min
39-60c. 16min. 48min
APU op limit
To prevent APU overheating, operation at ambient temps above 43c with engine and rotor operating is limited to 30mins.
With engine and rotor not operating APU may be operated continuously up to 51c.
