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neuroanatomy > Limbic System & Reticular Formation > Flashcards

Limbic System & Reticular Formation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the components of the limbic association cortex (behavioral response)

A

orbitofrontal gyrus
cingulate gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus (entorrhinal and perirhinal cortex)
temporal pole

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2
Q

what part of the limbic system is responsible for memory?

A

hippocampal formation- hippocampus, subiculum, dentate gyrus

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3
Q

what part of the limbic system is responsible for emotions?

A

amygdala

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4
Q

what part of the limbic system connects the hippocampus to the hypothalamus?

A

fornix to the mammillary bodies

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5
Q

what part of the limbic system is responsible for reward?

A

ventral striatum

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6
Q

what thalamic nuclei are part of the limbic system?

A

anterior, medial dorsal, and midline nuclei

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7
Q

what hypothalamic nuclei are part of the limbic system?

A

mammillary, ventromedial nuclei, lateral hypothalamus

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8
Q

what are additional components of the limbic system?

A

habenula
periaqueductal grey
reticular formation

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9
Q

cingulate gyrus breakdown

A

subgenual - depression
anterior - physical and emotional pain
middle - motor
posterior - sensory and memory

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10
Q

where does the anterior cingulate gyrus receive input from

A

medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus

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11
Q

where does the orbitofrontal cortex receive information from

A

all sensory modalities and reward centers

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12
Q

what is the oribtofrontal cortex used for

A

emotional decision making
major component of addiction

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13
Q

where is the hippocampal formation located

A

on the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle
shaped like a seahorse

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14
Q

what are the three parts of the hippocampal formation

A

dentate gyrus
hippocampus
subiculum

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15
Q

where is the fornix? what does it do?

A

dorsal to the hippocampal formation
connects hippocampal formation to mammillary bodies

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16
Q

what occurs in the hippocampal formation? what does damage here cause?

A

memory consolidation, also deals with the link between stress and emotions
anterograde amnesia

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17
Q

where does the entorhinal cortex gather info from?

A

limbic association cortices

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18
Q

hippocampal formation input

A

entorhinal cortex to dentate gyrus
to hippocampus
to subiculum

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19
Q

hippocampal formation output 1

A

subiculum to entorhinal cortex and amygdala

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20
Q

hippocampal formation output 2

A

subiculum to fornix to mammillary bodies to anterior nucleus of thalamus to cingulate gyrus

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21
Q

the hippocampus sends axons through the fornix to what

A

the septal nuclei

22
Q

amygdala stimulation and damage

A

stimulation - fear and anxiety
damage - inability to recognize facial expression or emotional content of speech

23
Q

what are the three nuclei of the amygdala

A

basolateral, central, cortical

24
Q

what does the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala do

A

connect visual and auditory stimulus and emotional responses
do we need to be afraid?

25
Q

what gives context to fears

A

connection between basolateral nuclei and hippocampal formation

26
Q

what is the ventral amygdalofugal pathway

A

basolateral nucleus of amygdala to medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus

27
Q

what areas have direct connections with the basolateral nucleus

A

prefrontal, orbital, cingulate, and anterior temporal

28
Q

what does the central nuclei do

A

autonomic responses to sensations

29
Q

where does the central nuclei receive input from

A

basolateral, solitary, and parabrachial nuclei

30
Q

where does the central nuclei of the amygdala project

A

through the ventral amygdalofugal pathway to parasympathetic nuclei in brainstem and reticular formation

31
Q

what does the cortical nuclei do

A

emotional response to scents

32
Q

where does the cortical nuclei send signals

A

to the lateral and medial hypothalamus by way of the stria terminalis

33
Q

where do projections from the ventral tegmental area go to

A

the ventral striatum and amygdala

34
Q

where do projections from the ventral striatum go to

A

anterior and medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus

35
Q

what does the mesolimbic dopaminergic system normally respond to

A

feeding and reproduction
has a major response to drugs

36
Q

what can blocking dopamine in the nucleus accumbens do

A

can reduce addiction

37
Q

neuroendocrine control

A
38
Q

autonomic control

A
39
Q

somatic motor control

A
40
Q

what is the reticular formation

A

an interspersed set of nuclei throughout the brainstem

41
Q

what are the reticular formation nuclei involved in

A

several reflexive and autonomic responses necessary for survival

42
Q

reticular formation groups/nuclei

A

lateral group (parvocellular nuclei)
medial group (gigantocellular nuclei)
median group (raphe nuclei)

43
Q

pupillary light reflex

A

associated with pretectal area

44
Q

vestibulo-ocular reflex

A

associated with paramedian pontine reticular formation

45
Q

corneal reflex

A

associated with facial nucleus

46
Q

stapedial reflex

A

associated with facial nucleus

47
Q

gag reflex

A

associated with nucleus ambiguus

48
Q

baroreceptor reflex

A

associated with ventrolateral medulla/dorsal vagal nucleus

49
Q

reticular formation motor control actions

A

licking (hypoglossal nucleus)
chewing (trigem motor nuc)
sucking (facial nuc)
spontaneous facial expression (facial nuc)
swallowing (nuc ambig and dorsal vagal nuc)
vomiting (ventrolateral medulla)

50
Q

reticular formation regulates

A

consciousness
gaze centers
posture
habituation
CN IX-XII reflexes
cardiovascular
digestive
respiratory
nociceptive response

neuroanatomy (14 decks)

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