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Neuro- exam 3 > limbic system lecture > Flashcards

limbic system lecture Flashcards

1
Q

name the parts of the medial temporal lobe

A

A) perirhinal cortex
B) parahippocampal cortex
C) entorhinal cortex
D) hippocampal formation

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2
Q

WHat are the cortical structures of the limbic lobe?

A

parahippocampal gyrus

cingulate gyrus

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3
Q

what structures are closely related to the limbic lobe?

A

A) insular cortex
B) amygdala
C) nucleus accumbens

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4
Q

Kluver-bucy syndrome is caused by what? what are the trademark symptoms?

A

caused by bilateral removal of temporal pole
causes:
A) compulsive manual manipulation of objects
B) insatiable appetite
C) showing your dong to people
D) sever amnesia

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5
Q

What makes up the hippocampal formation?

A

A) subiculum
B) denate gyrus
C) hippocampus proper

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6
Q

what are the “CA” of the hippocampus proper? what are they important for?

A

CA = cornu ammonis

important in declarative memory

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7
Q

the CA of the hippocampus proper are sensitive to _____

A

temperature

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8
Q

true or false: the hippocampus receives raw sensory data

A

FALSE

receives well digested cognitive info

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9
Q

what are the sensory inputs to the hippocampus?

A

Visual input
auditory input
tactile input

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10
Q

where to the outgoing fibers of the hippocampus go?

A

A) to sensory cortical areas
-memory
B) mammillary body
- motor response to memory

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11
Q

Hippocampal summary: new memories are based on ________

A

past experience

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12
Q

what is the “gateway to the hippocampus”?

A

entorhinal cortex

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13
Q

the hippocampus contains concept neurons: pyramidal cells that recognize ________

A

a single entity

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14
Q

past memory is ________

A

revised upon recall

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15
Q

the hippocampus evaluates sensory for what type of content?

A

familiar/novel content

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16
Q

declarative memories are memories that

A

can be consciously recalled such as facts and knowledge

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17
Q

what is important for forming new memories?

A

emotional content

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18
Q

where are concept cells found?

what do they respond to?

A

only in the hippocampus

respond to only one stimulus
- images, letters, spoken names

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19
Q

where are new neurons produced throughout life?

A

A) oldfactory system

B) dentate gyrus

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20
Q

list the flow of fibers in the circuit of Papez

A
  • Hippocampal formation
  • Fornix
  • Mammillary body
  • Mammillothalamic tract
  • Anterior nucleus of the thalamus
  • Cingulate gyrus
  • Cingulum
  • Entorhinal cortex
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21
Q

where does the circuit of Papez begin and end?

A

Begins: hippocampal formation

ends: entorhinal cortex

22
Q

lateral pain system- its path and function

A

Lateral thalamus -> VPM and
VPL-> postcentral gyrus

determines location of pain & monitor intensity

23
Q

Medial pain system: path and function

A

Medial thalamus -> cingulate cortex -> insular cortex

appreciation and control of subjective pain

24
Q

Regions of the cingulate cortex

A

Anterior cingulate cortex
Midcingulate cortex
Posterior cingulate cortex

25
Q

the inferior anterior cingulate cortex is responsible for the ________ system

A

autonomic

26
Q

the inferior midcingulate cortex is responsible for the ______ system

A

somatic motor

27
Q

which parts of the cingulate gyrus are activated by pain?

A
  • Inferior anterior cingulate cortex
  • Inferior midcingulate cortex

same regions involved in autonomic/somatic systems

28
Q

the anterior and midcingulate cortex are important in what?

A

register emotional states in response to sensory stimuli

important in motivation
- emotion-evoking stimuli

operate in parallel with insular cortex

29
Q

anterior and midcingulate cortex interact with the ______

A

prefrontal cortex

active cognition can suppress emotional reaction to pain

30
Q

Insular cortex receives sensory input from ________

A

“negative” stimuli

  • taste
  • pain
  • proprioception
31
Q

what is the “internal alarm system”?

it is involved in the ______ appreciation of pain

A

insular cortex

subjective appreciation in pain

32
Q

what are the 3 inputs to the amygdala?

A

A) sensory areas
B) cerebral cortex
C) hippocampus (reciprocal connection)

33
Q

what is the function of the amygdala?

what is it a source of?

A

Evaluates sensory signals for emotional content

source of emotions and fear

directs response to social situations

34
Q

where do fibers of the amygdala travel to?

A 
A) Hypothalamus and brainstem
     -autonomic responses 
B) orbitofrontal cortex
     - conscious anxiety
C) cingulate cortex
D) insular cortex
35
Q

where is the nucleus accumbens found? what does it function as?

A

located at base of septum pellucid

the “reward center” of the brain
- release dopamine

36
Q

amygdala is responsible for ______, while the septal area (nucleus accumbens) is responsible for ________

A

Amydgala = Anxiety

Septal area = Satisfaction

*just remember AA and SS

37
Q

high levels of ______ are the neuroanatomical basis for substance abuse

A

dopamine

38
Q

the _____ is the major source of acetylcholine (ACh) to the cerebral cortex. why is it important?

A

basal nucleus of meynert

important in memory consolidation
-cell loss = alzheimer’s

39
Q

the ______ is involved in early Alzheimer’s disease

A

hippocampal formation

40
Q

the “head ganglion of the autonomic nervous system” is another term for the what?

A

hypothalamus

41
Q

inputs to the hypothalamus

A 
A) brainstem- autonomic afferent
B) the retina
C) limbic system
     -hippocampus (fornix
     - stria terminalis (amygdala)
42
Q

what are the outputs of the hypothalamus?

A

A) pituitary gland- endocrine control

B) multisynaptic decending pathways
- autonomic control fo internal environment

43
Q

when viewed from the right side, what nuclei of the hypothalamus are present?

A

A) paraventricular nuclei
B) supraoptic nuclei
C) suprachiasmatic nuclei
D) ventromedial nucleus

44
Q

when looking at a cross-section of the hypothalamus, what important structures are seen?

A
  • the lateral zone receiving sensory input

- important output nuclei medially

45
Q

what are the efferent fibers running to the pituitary gland

A
  • Hypothalamoyhypophysial (say that 5 times fast) tract to the post. pituitary
  • hypophysial portal system anteriorly
46
Q

the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei project where?

A

directly to the posterior pituitary

47
Q

what neurotransmitters are released by the pituitary as a result of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei?

A

1) Vasopressin (ADH)
- reabsorption of water
2) oxytocin

48
Q

the ventromedial nucleus is known as the “_______”

A

satiety center

if destroyed- voracious appetite

49
Q

anorexia can be caused by irritation to the ______

A

ventromedial nucleus

50
Q

Neurons in the _______ area begin to undergo apoptosis in females beginning at age 4

A

Preoptic area

51
Q

the suprachiasmatic nucleus receives direct input from what? what is its function?

A

the retina

function to set the body’s 24 hr clock

Neuro- exam 3 (9 decks)

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