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Neuro- exam 3 > Embryo- Genital development > Flashcards

Embryo- Genital development Flashcards

1
Q

what embryonic layer gives rise to the genital system?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

what layer of the mesoderm becomes retroperitoneal?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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3
Q

what does the intermediate mesoderm form?

A

Bilateral urogenital ridges

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4
Q

what are the 2 urogenital ridges?

A

Nephrogenic cord

Gonadal ridge

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5
Q

which portion of the urogenital ridge is lateral?

A

Nephrogenic cord

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6
Q

which portion of the urogenital ridge is medial?

A

Gonadal ridge

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7
Q

during what week do we see sex differentiation?

A

Week 7

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8
Q

When is the “indifferent stage”?

A

Weeks 1-6

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9
Q

what type of cells migrate to gonadal ridges?

A

Primordial germ cells

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10
Q

What happens in week 5?

A

Intermediate mesoderm thickens to form gonadal ridge

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11
Q

Mesothelial cord cells form solid….

A

form solid gonadal cords that sink into underlying mesenchyme

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12
Q

what is SRY?

A

“sex determining region of the Y chromosome”

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13
Q

What is TDF?

A

Testes-determining factor

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14
Q

what are Leydig cells?

A

Leydig cells (stromal CT cells) -develop from mesenchyme of gonadal ridge.

-Produce: TESTOSTERONE

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15
Q

What are Sertoli cells?

A
  • “caretakers” of primordial germ cells

- develop from gonadal cord cells

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16
Q

What do the sertoli cells form?

A

1) Seminiferous tubules

2) Rete testes

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17
Q

which cell type surrounds the primordial germ cells?

A

Leydig cells (interstitial cells)

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18
Q

which cells develop in close proximity to the PGCs? (primordial germ cells)

A

Sertoli cells

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19
Q

what signals male genital development?

A

Testosterone

which cells produce this?

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20
Q

what does the mesonephric duct form

A

ductus deferens
Epididymis

(mesonephric tubules form efferent tubules)

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21
Q

Superior end of mesonephric duct forms what?

A

Epididymis

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22
Q

Mesonephric tubules form what?

A

efferent ductules

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23
Q

what induces mesonephric duct to form male genital ducts?

A

Testosterone

24
Q

Caudal ends of mesonephric ducts develop into what?

A

1) seminal vesicles

2) Ejaculatory ducts

25
Q

what are ALL the structures that are developed from the Mesonephric ducts?

A
  • Epididymis
  • Ductus deferens
  • Seminal Vesicle
  • Ejaculatory duct
26
Q

the gonadal cords form what in males?

A
  • Seminiferous tubules

- Retes testes

27
Q

MIH (Mullerian Ducts regress) is produced by what?

A

Sertoli cells

28
Q

what does MIH cause?

A

causes the mullerian ducts to degrade/regress

29
Q

what is the remnant of the Mullerian duct in men?

A

the Appendix testes

30
Q

the prostate and bulbouretheral glands are endodermal outgrowths from what

A

Urogenital sinus

31
Q

where does the gubernaculum extend?

A

from the gonad to the labioscrotal swelling (future scrotal sac)

32
Q

what is the shortening of the gubernaculum responsible for?

A

pulls the testis, ductus deferens, and testicular vessels downward through the abdominal wall

33
Q

name the 3 layers of the scrotum

A
  • Internal spermatic fascia
  • Cremasteric muscle
  • External spermatic fascia
34
Q

what layer of the scrotum is formed from the external oblique aponeurosis?

A

External spermatic fascia

35
Q

Congenital inguinal hernia-

A

Patent processus vaginalis

36
Q

what leads to development of fluid-filled cysts in the scrotum?

A

Hydrocoele

37
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

failure of the testes do descend

38
Q

which 2 genetic factors are females lacking?

A
  • No SRY

- No TDF

39
Q

what do stromal cells of the ovary develop from?

A

Mesenchyme of gonadal ridge

40
Q

what are follicular cells?

what do they develop from?

A

“caretakers” of PGCs

develop from gonadal cord cells

41
Q

what cell type surrounds the PGCs

also form ovarian follicles

A

Follicular cells

42
Q

what does a lack of testosterone cause?

A

Mesonephric duct regression

43
Q

What does a lack of MIH lead to

A

continued growth & development of mullein ducts

44
Q

whats another name for mullein ducts?

A

paramesophrenic ducts

45
Q

The Müllerian ducts will form what?

A

The Müllerian ducts will form the uterine tubes, uterus, and superior vagina

46
Q

what is formed by The cranial ends of the Müllerian ducts?

A

uterine tubes

47
Q

what is formed by the uterovaginal primordium?

A

forms uterus and superior vagina

48
Q

what fuses to give the uterovaginal primordium?

A

caudal ends of mullein ducts

49
Q

The uterovaginal primordium comes into contact with the dorsal wall of the urogenital sinus and forms what?

A

Sinovaginal bulb

50
Q

what is the vaginal plate?

A

Sinovaginal bulbs separating from the urogenital sinuses

-fuse with uterovaginal primordium

51
Q

what forms the inferior vagina?

A

urogenital sinus (NOT mullerian ducts)

52
Q

The greater vestibular glands, urethral glands, and paraurethral glands are all from what structure?

A

urogenital sinus

53
Q

Labioscrotal swellings in females

A
  • Fuse posteriorly and anteriorly

- Unfused portions become labia majora

54
Q

Urethral folds in females

A

remain unfused as labia minora

55
Q

Urethral folds in males

A

Fold under ventrally + fuse to form penile shaft

56
Q

Labioscrotal swellings in men

A

Fuse at midline to form the scrotum

Neuro- exam 3 (9 decks)

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