Embryo- urinary system

Question 1

what embryonic layer gives rise to the urinary system?

Answer 1

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

what forms the bilateral urogenital ridges?

Answer 2

intermediate mesoderm

Question 3

name the 3 stages of kidney development

Answer 3

1) Pronephros
2) mesonephros
3) metanephros

Question 4

Pronephros:

Answer 4

Early in week 4

Develops bilaterally in cervical region

Question 5

Mesonephros:

Answer 5

weeks 4-10

Develops bilaterally in thoracolumbar region

functions as primitive kidney

Question 6

metanephros

Answer 6

starts week 5, functional at week 9/10

Develops bilaterally in the pelvic region at the level of the cloaca

Question 7

Mesonephric vesicle

Answer 7

-functions as Bowman’s capsule; contains glomerulus
-10-15 glomeruli per mesonephric kidney
(degenerates)

Question 8

Mesonephric tubule

Answer 8

-elongates; acts as tubular part of nephron
Females: degenerates
Males: persists as efferent ductules of testes

Question 9

Mesonephric duct: what does it become in males? in females?

Answer 9

Females: degenerates
Males: persists as ductus deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, trigone

Question 10

what are the 2 components of the metanephros

Answer 10

1. ) Ureteric bud (metanephric diverticulum)

2. ) Metanephrogenic blastema

Question 11

A small outgrowth develops from the mesonephric duct: the ________

Answer 11

ureteric bud

Question 12

the Ureteric Bud Gives Rise to what?

Answer 12

Collecting Portion of Kidney

Question 13

name the mature derivatives of the ureteric bud

Answer 13

Ureter

Renal pelvis

Major & minor calyces

Collecting tubules

Question 14

The Metanephrogenic Blastema Gives Rise to what portion of the kidney?

Answer 14

Excretory Portion of Kidney

Question 15

derivatives of the Metanephrogenic blastema:

Answer 15

Distal convoluted tubule

Loop of Henle

Proximal convoluted tubule

Bowman’s capsule

Question 16

Kidneys “ascend” from the _____ to the _____

when do they assume their final position?

Answer 16

Kidneys “ascend” from pelvis to abdomen

assume final position by week 9

Question 17

Clinical Correlation: Accessory Renal Arteries

Answer 17

Failure of temporary blood supply to regress leads to accessory renal aa

Question 18

Horseshoe Kidney

Answer 18

Poles of kidneys fuse together

usually inferior poles

Question 19

The ___________ divides the cloaca into the urogenital sinus (ventrally) & the anorectal canal (dorsally).

Answer 19

urorectal septum

Question 20

Urogenital Sinus Derivatives:

Answer 20

• Urinary bladder
• Urethra
• in males: prostate, bulbourethral glands
• females: Vestibule of vagina, vestibular glands

Question 21

the allantois will eventual close off, forming the ______. this is covered by the ______ in adults

Answer 21

• urachus

- covered by median umbilical fold

Question 22

what does The trigone develop from?

Answer 22

from the distal portions of the mesonephric ducts

Question 23

Renal Agenesis:

Answer 23

Failure of one or both kidneys to form

Question 24

Oligohydramnios is a lack of what?

possible result of renal agenisis

Answer 24

lack of amniotic fluid

Question 25

Potter syndrome is caused by what? what are the symptoms?

Answer 25

from bilateral agenesis

dry, wrinkly skin, limb deformities, abnormal facial structure, underdeveloped lungs