Histo- Females

Question 1

what are the 2 main components of the female reproductive system?

Answer 1

Ovaries

Accessory structures

Question 2

what is the main role of the ovaries?

Answer 2

produce germ cells

Question 3

what are the accessory structures of the reproductive system

Answer 3

• External organs (labia, clitoris, external orifices)

- Internal organs (vagina, uterus, uterine tubes)

Question 4

what is the endocrine function of the ovaries?

Answer 4

produce estrogen, progesterone

Question 5

what effects does estrogen have?

Answer 5

Promotes:

• growth of external sex organs
• promote cyclic changes in uterine mucosa
• develop secondary female sex characteristics

Question 6

what is the role of progesterone?

Answer 6

prepare internal sex organs (primarily uterus) for pregnancy

Question 7

what is the exocrine function of the ovaries?

Answer 7

• produce the female gamete

- specifically the ovaries produce and ovulate a secondary oocyte.

Question 8

what are the 2 main regions of an ovary?

Answer 8

medullary and cortical regions

Question 9

where are ovarian follicles found?

Answer 9

within the cortex of the ovaries

Question 10

what are ovarian follicles composed of?

Answer 10

an oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of epithelial cells

Question 11

three basic types of ovarian follicles:

Answer 11

1) Primordial follicles
2) Growing follicles
a) Primary follicles
b) Secondary (Antral) follicles
3) Mature or Graafian follicles

Question 12

when are ovarian follicles produced?

Answer 12

3rd month of life

Question 13

when does the primary oocyte go thru another series of mitosis?

Answer 13

3rd month of life

Question 14

what is the Tunica albuginea?

Answer 14

connective tissue surrounding the ovaries

Question 15

what releases follicle stimulating hormone?

Answer 15

the pituitary gland

Question 16

what is the zona pelludica?

Answer 16

• outer covering of primary follicle
• Created by oocyte itself
• It’s a release of glycoprotein’s

Question 17

what is the stratum granulosum?

Answer 17

thickening of follicular cells

-found immediately exterior to zona pelludica

Question 18

what is the Theca folliculi (or the follicular theca)?

Answer 18

sheath of connective tissue cells that develop from the stromal cells surrounding the developing follicle.

Question 19

what are the 2 parts of the theca folliculi?

Answer 19

Theca interna and externa

Question 20

Theca interna

Answer 20

cuboidal secretory cells; in response to LH

*** these cells synthesize and secrete androgens

Question 21

theca externa

Answer 21

– fibrous outer portion;
*smooth muscle cells
also have fibroblast, and bundles of collagen

Question 22

what is the antral?

Answer 22

collection of follicular fluid

Question 23

where is the corona radials found?

Answer 23

surrounding oocyte in secondary follicles

Question 24

what is another name for mature follicles?

Answer 24

Graafian follicles

Question 25

the mature follicles begin producing estrogen, which causes what?

Answer 25

breakdown of tunica albugenia and granular layer

Question 26

the 2 cells of the corpus luteum

Answer 26

1) granulosa lutein cells

2) Theca lutein cells

Question 27

what happens to granulosa lutein cells?

Answer 27

undergo hypertrophy

-begin producing progesterone

Question 28

what is the primary responsibility for Theca lutein cells?

Answer 28

produce esterogens

Question 29

uterine tubes:

Answer 29

1) paired, muscular tubes

2) wall is folded simple columnar epithelium (mucosa)

Question 30

name the 2 types of cells in the uterine tubes

Answer 30

1) ciliated cells

2) secretory cells

Question 31

secretory uterine tube cells

Answer 31

A.K.A. “peg cells”

produce nutritive fluid covering epithelium

Question 32

what are the 3 layers of the uterus?

Answer 32

1) perimetrium
2) myometrium
3) endometrium

Question 33

perimetrium of the uterus

Answer 33

outer connective tissue layer; either adventitia or serosa.

Question 34

Myometrium

Answer 34

• middle layer and thickest layer
• bundles of smooth muscle separated by connective tissue containing many blood vessels ***four poorly defined layers of smooth muscle.

Question 35

Endometrium

Answer 35

• simple columnar epithelium
• both ciliated and secretory cells with an underlying lamina propria
• contains uterine glands.

Question 36

the 2 parts of the endometrium

Answer 36

1) Basal layer
2) functional layer
- -thickness of functional layer changes influenced by the shifting levels of ovarian hormones and majority can be sloughed away monthly as the menstrual flow.

Question 37

layers of the Vaginal wall

Answer 37

Mucosa, a muscular layer, and an adventitia

Question 38

muscular layer of the vagina

Answer 38

• has two indistinct layers of smooth muscle

- —-inner circular and outer longitudinal