Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro- exam 3 > Histo- urinary system > Flashcards

Histo- urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

The urinary system consists of:

A

1) Paired kidneys
2) Paired ureters
3) One urinary bladder
4) One urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

functions of the urinary system:

A

1) Regulation of Blood Ionic Composition
2) Regulation of Blood Volume and Blood Pressure
3) Regulation of Blood pH
4) Conservation of Valuable Nutrients
5) Production and Secretion of Hormones (Endocrine Function)
6) Assisting the Liver in Detoxification of Poisons
7) Elimination of Organic Waste Products and Foreign Substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The hilum of the kidneys

A
  • the deep vertical fissure along the medial concave border of the kidney
  • where renal vessels, nerves, and renal pelvis pass into/out of the kidney.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is found Just past the hilum of the kidney

A

an internal space called the renal sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the renal sinus:

A

filled with loose connective tissue and adipose tissue, along with part of the renal pelvis, the calyces, and branches of the blood vessels and nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The kidneys surface is covered by a connective tissue capsule called what?

A

the renal capsule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the parenchyma?

A

the functional part of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 2 regions of the parenchyma?

A

1) the renal cortex

2) the renal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the Renal Medulla is divided into what?

A

1) renal pyramids

2) renal columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the structure of the renal pyramids?

A

A) 6-18 distinct conical or triangular structures
B) the base faces the cortex
C) the apex is the renal papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where are the renal columns found? what is it made of?

A
  • in between pyramids

- cortical tissue within medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a renal lobe composed of?

A

consists of a renal pyramid, its overlying renal cortex, and one-half of each adjacent renal columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a nephron?

A

the fundamental structural and functional unit of the kidney.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A nephron consists of two parts:

A

(1) a renal corpuscle

(2) a renal tubule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where does glomerular filtration occur?

A

the renal corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where does tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion occur

A

renal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

nephron + collecting tubule =

A

uriniferous tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Each nephron will drain into what?

A

a collecting tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

For urine to be produced, the nephrons perform three processes:

A

1) Glomerular filtration
2) Tubular reabsorption
3) Tubular secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Glomerular filtration

A

first step; water and most solutes in blood plasma move from the glomerular capillaries into the glomerular (i.e. Bowman’s) capsule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tubular reabsorption

A
  • Filtered fluid then moves through the renal tubule
  • the tubule cells reabsorb ~99% of filtered water and many solutes
  • these items return to the blood at the peritubular capillaries.
22
Q

Tubular secretion

A

The tubule cells can remove additional substances (ex. wastes, drugs, and excessive ions) from the blood in the peritubular capillaries.

23
Q

what is the beginning of the nephron? Where is it located?

A
  • Renal corpuscle

- located in the renal cortex.

24
Q

The two components of a renal corpuscle

A

(1) the glomerulus and

2) Bowman’s capsule (a.k.a. glomerular capsule

25
Q

The glomerulus

A
  • a tuft of capillaries composed of 10 to 20 capillary loops

- supplied by an afferent arteriole and drained by an efferent arteriole

26
Q

layers of the bowman’s capsule

A

Visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule – internal layer

Parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule – external layer

27
Q

the first part of the renal tubule

A

the proximal convoluted tubule

28
Q

Visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule

A

A) internal layer
B) modified simple squamous epithelial cells called podocytes
C) extensions of these cells (pedicels) will wrap around the single layer of endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries

29
Q

filtration slits (bowman’s capsules)

A

A) is where the ultrafiltrate from the blood enters Bowman’s space
B) covered by the slit diaphragm

30
Q

Parietal Layer of the Bowman’s capsules

A

external layer; simple squamous epithelium.

31
Q

A renal tubule consists of what?

A

A) a proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
B) the loop of Henle (nephron loop)
C) the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).

32
Q

The renal tubule is where what occurs?

A

tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion occurs.

33
Q

Proximal Convoluted Tubule –

A

attaches to the glomerular capsule; highly coiled tube; lies within the renal cortex.

34
Q

Loop of Henle

A

extends from the renal cortex into the renal medulla, turns, and returns to cortex.

35
Q

Distal Convoluted Tubule –

A

last part of the renal tubule; highly coiled tube; lies within the renal cortex; the distal convoluted tubule empties into a collecting tubule.

36
Q

histological differences between proximal and distal convoluted tubules:

A

1) the proximal convoluted tubules have a larger outside diameter
2) their cytoplasm stains a little pinker (due to mitochondria)
3) their cells are larger so there are fewer nuclei around the lumen as compared to the distal convoluted tubules

37
Q

Nephron Loop (a.k.a. Loop of Henle) is composed of

A

1) Thick descending limb of the loop of Henle (a.k.a. proximal straight tubule)
2) Thin descending limb of the loop of Henle
3) Thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle
4) Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (a.k.a. distal straight tubule)

38
Q

Thick descending limb of the loop of Henle (a.k.a. proximal straight tubule) is composed of what

A

composed of simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

39
Q

Thin descending limb of the loop of Henle is composed of what

A

composed of simple squamous epithelial cells.

40
Q

Thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle is composed of what

A

composed of simple squamous epithelial cells.

41
Q

Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (a.k.a. distal straight tubule) is composed of what

A

composed of simple cuboidal epithelial cells

42
Q

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

A
  • found in the cortex
  • lined with simple cuboidal epithelium
  • Lots of mitochondria
43
Q

The final part of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle comes in contact with what?

A

comes in contact with the afferent arteriole from the same nephron

44
Q

what is the macula densa?

A

a region where the cells are crowded together and become columnar with apical nuclei.

45
Q

what are juxtaglomerular cells

A

modified smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent arteriole

46
Q

Macula and Juxtaglomerular cells form what?

A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)

47
Q

The juxtaglomerular apparatus helps to regulate what?

A

blood pressure within the kidneys

48
Q

what is the path of urine starting at the minor calyx?

A 
From minor calyx
To major calyx 
To renal pelvis 
To ureter
To urinary bladder
To urethra
To toilet
49
Q

collecting tubules unite into larger collecting ducts which then merge near the apex of the pyramid to form what?

A

papillary ducts (ducts of Bellini)

50
Q

what is the muscularis layer of the Calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, and urinary bladder

A 
Muscularis layer:
Smooth muscle
A) Inner longitudinal layer
B) Outer circular layer
C) Outermost longitudinal layer (distal end of ureter and present in bladder)
51
Q

Male urethra- the 3 parts, and what type of epithelium they are made of

A

A) prostatic urethra- lined with urothelium

B) Membranous urethra- lined by stratified columnar epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium

C) Spongy Urethra – lined stratified columnar epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium

52
Q

female urethra- what is it lined with?

A

Lined initially by urothelium then by stratified squamous epithelium, with the occasional pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Neuro- exam 3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions