Limbic system

Question 1

what are the areas associated with the limbic system?

Answer 1

1. cingulate gyrus 2. parahippocampal gyrus 3. subcallosal gyrus 4. hippocampus 5. amygdala 6. septal area / nuclei 7. (hypothalamus) 8. (uncus-olfactory cortex)

Question 2

what is housed in the piriform lobe (uncus)? entorhinal area?

Answer 2

1. piriform lobe (uncus) - primary olfactory cortex 2. entorhinal area - olfactory association cortex

Question 3

what are the olfactory inputs to the limbic system?

Answer 3

1. amygdala - direct via lateral stria (emotions, drive) 2. hippocampus - indirect via entorhinal (memory) 3. orbitofrontal cortex (conscious awareness) 4. anterior olfactory nucleus - to anterior commissure (fine tuning sensitivity)

Question 4

the hippocampus connects to the hypothalamus via which tract?

Answer 4

fornix

Question 5

the amygdala connects to the hypothalamus via which tract?

Answer 5

stria terminalis

Question 6

what are the inputs to the hippocampus?

Answer 6

1. amygdala 2. cingulate gyrus 3. prefrontal cortex (via entorhinal) 4. alvear and perforant pathways to dentate gyrus

Question 7

what is the “input gate” of the hippocampal formation?

Answer 7

dentate gyrus

Question 8

what is the “output gate” of the hippocampal formation?

Answer 8

subiculum (fornix - hypothalamus - septal region)

Question 9

which cornu ammonis internal field of cells is most vulnerable to anoxia and ischemia?

Answer 9

CA 1

Question 10

what is the general role of the hippocampus?

Answer 10

processing and consolidation of short term memories to long term memories

Question 11

where is working memory housed? declarative?

Answer 11

1. working - cortex 2. declarative - hippocampus

Question 12

what are the “input gateway” nuclei of the amygdala?

Answer 12

corticomedial

Question 13

what are the “output gateway” nuclei of the amygdala?

Answer 13

central nuclei

Question 14

what are the amygdala inputs?

Answer 14

1. general and sensory cortex 2. cingulate cortex 3. thalamus 4. hypothalamus 5. olfactory

Question 15

what are the modalities of the amygdala outputs?

Answer 15

1. visceral responses (via stria terminalis - septal area, hypothalamus) 2. emotional influence of movement (via ventroamygdalofugal pathway to ventral striatum and brainstem)

Question 16

what is the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex?

Answer 16

1. integrates emotions with decision making 2. conscious control of emotions

Question 17

where is the “septal area” of the amygdala?

Answer 17

below genu of corpus callosum

Question 18

what are the major inputs of the septal area?

Answer 18

1. hippocampus via fornix 2. amygdaloid complex via stria terminalis

Question 19

what is the function of the septal areas of the amygdala?

Answer 19

relates emotions to respiratory, cardiovascular centers, salivatory nuclei and autonomic centers

Question 20

what is the general role of the amygdala?

Answer 20

attaching emotional significance to sensory stimuli and organizing behavioral responses

Question 21

what are the major outputs of the septal area?

Answer 21

1. hippocampus via fornix 2. hypothalamus via medial forebrain bundle 3. brainstem nuclei via medial forebrain bundle

Question 22

what are components of the Papez circuit?

Answer 22

1. hippocampus 2. fornix 3. septal area 4. hypothalamus (mammillary body) 5. mammillothalamic tract 6. thalamus (anterior nucleus) 7. thalamocingulate tract 8. cingulate gyrus and connections with prefrontal, parietal, temporal association areas 9. cingulum 10. parahippocampal gyrus 11. back to hippocampus