Cerebellum

Question 1

what are the deep nuclei of the cerebellum?

Answer 1

1. fastigial 2. interposed (globose + emboliform) 3. dentate

Question 2

what deep nucleus of the cerebellum forms the roof of the 4th ventricle?

Answer 2

fastigial

Question 3

what are the three major inputs to the cerebellum?

Answer 3

1. spinal cord 2. vestibular system 3. motor cortex

Question 4

the vestibulocerebellum is located in which cerebellar lobe? what is the input? output? deep nuclei relay?

Answer 4

1. lobe - floculonodular 2. input - inner ear and nuclei 3. output - medial longitudinal fasciculus (CN 3, 4, 6), vestibulospinal tracts 4. relay - vestibular nuclei

Question 5

the spinocerebellum is located in which cerebellar lobe? what is the input? output? deep nuclei relay?

Answer 5

1. lobe - vermal / paravermal 2. input - dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts 3. output - vestibulospinal, reticulospinal tracts 4. relay - fastigial and interposed

Question 6

the cerebrocerebellum is located in which cerebellar lobe? what is the input? outpus? deep nuclei relay?

Answer 6

1. lobe - lateral hemispheres 2. input - corticopontocerebellar tracts, olivocerebellar tract 3. output - dentorubrothalamic tract, rubrospinal tract 4. relay - dentate

Question 7

what is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 7

posture, balance, eye/head movements

Question 8

what is the function of the spinocerebellum?

Answer 8

muscle tone, adjusting movements of axial trunk and proximal limbs

Question 9

what is the function of cerebrocerebellum?

Answer 9

1. preparation - predicting force, velocity, trajectory 2. precise control of executed movements (timing, duration, force, velocity, trajectory) of hands and especially fingers

Question 10

what are some key similarities between the cerebellum (cerebrocerebellum) and basal ganglia?

Answer 10

1. relay through thalamus 2. modification or adjustment of motor commands 3. no paralysis with lesions

Question 11

what are the three layers and cell types of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 11

1. outermost molecular layer 2. purkinje layer 3. granular layer

Question 12

what is the main function of the purkinje cells?

Answer 12

inhibitory to deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 13

what is the relationship of the climbing fiber (inferior olive) system to the purkinje cells?

Answer 13

excitatory synpases on purkinje cells (1:1)

Question 14

the inferior olive nucleus is thought to be involved in what function?

Answer 14

procedural / adaptive learning, adjusting learning based on feedback, reinforcing motor skills

Question 15

how are the functions of the basal ganglia and cerebellum different?

Answer 15

1. basal ganglia have a “permissive” function - inhibiting / facilitating involuntary movements 2. cerebellum has an “execution” function - plan, correct, fine tune

Question 16

what is dysmetria?

Answer 16

inability to judge distance or scale - overshooting intended position with hand, arm, leg, or eye

Question 17

what is dysdiadochokinesia?

Answer 17

DDK - impaired ability to perform rapid, alternating movements