Gross brain and blood supply

Question 1

the cephalic flexure is the junction between what two structures?

Answer 1

diencephalon and midbrain

Question 2

the frontal lobe contains which functional areas?

Answer 2

learned behavior, primary motor cortex, Broca’s area (speech), goal oriented behavior / motivations

Question 3

the parietal lobes contain which functional areas?

Answer 3

primary somesthetic area, somatosensory function, integration of auditory, visual, and somatosensory information

Question 4

the temporal lobes contain which functional areas?

Answer 4

wernicke’s area - reading, understanding / speaking written word, primary auditory cortex

Question 5

the occipital lobe contains which functional areas?

Answer 5

primary visual cortex and association visual areas

Question 6

where is the calcarine fissure? what does it separate?

Answer 6

Occipital lobe, separates cuneate gyrus (superiorly) from lingual gyrus (inferiorly)

Question 7

the limbic lobe contains which functional areas?

Answer 7

vital survival areas, memory

Question 8

what are the basal nuclei? what is their function?

Answer 8

1. caudate nucleus, lentiform nuclei (putamen and globus pallidus), subthalamus, and substantia nigra 2. associated with movement

Question 9

what is the diencephalon? what are the functions of each component?

Answer 9

1. thalamus - sensory relay 2. hypothalamus - links nervous system to endocrine 3. subthalamus - motor movement 4. epithalamus / pineal gland - day / night cycling

Question 10

where is the thalamus located?

Answer 10

lateral borders of 3rd cerebral ventricle

Question 11

where are the hippocampus and amygdala located? what is their function?

Answer 11

1. temporal lobe 2. memory consolidation, control of ANS in relation to previous experience

Question 12

what does the superior cerebellar peduncle connect? middle? inferior?

Answer 12

1. superior - cerebellum to midbrain and cerebrum 2. middle - cerebellum to pons 3. inferior - cerebeelum to medulla and spinal cord

Question 13

what forms the basis pontis?

Answer 13

crossing fibers of the middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 14

what is the location of CN V-VIII?

Answer 14

pontine tegmentum

Question 15

what is the location of CN III and IV?

Answer 15

tegmentum of midbrain

Question 16

what is the location of CN IX, X, and XII?

Answer 16

medulla

Question 17

CN I and II are tracts of what brain region?

Answer 17

diencephalon

Question 18

what is the territory of the anterior cerebral artery?

Answer 18

medial aspect of frontal and parietal lobes, medial sensorimotor cortex

Question 19

what is the territory of the middle cerebral artery?

Answer 19

1. superior division - cortex above lateral fissure, lateral frontal cortex including precentral and postcentral gyri 2. inferior division - cortex below lateral fissure, lateral temporal lobe, parts of parietal lobe

Question 20

the anterior and posterior spinal arteries are direct branches of what artery?

Answer 20

vertebral

Question 21

what supplies blood to the caudal medulla?

Answer 21

paramedian branches of the anterior spinal artery

Question 22

what is the territory of the posterior cerebral artery?

Answer 22

midbrain, thalamus, medial and inferior surfaces of occipital and temporal lobes

Question 23

where is the great cerebral vein of Galen?

Answer 23

midline behind midbrain between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 24

what drains into the basal veins of Rosenthal?

Answer 24

deep cerebral veins (anteior, deep middle, posterior)

Question 25

what drains into the superior anastomotic vein of Trolard? where does it drain?

Answer 25

1. superficial middle cerebral 2. drains superficial venous blood into superior sagittal sinus

Question 26

what drains into the inferior anastomotic vein of Labbe? where does it drain?

Answer 26

1. superficial middle cerebral vein 2. drains superficial venous blood into the confluence of sinuses posteriorly

Question 27

what are the bridging veins?

Answer 27

drain venous blood from the surface of the brain, penetrate arachnoid mater then the dura mater to enter the dural venous sinuses