Hypothalamus

Question 1

what are the anatomical boundaries of the hypothalamus?

Answer 1

1. superior - hypothalamic sulcus 2. anterior - lamina terminalis 3. posterior - midbrain (interpeduncular fossa) 4. inferior - optic chiasm, tuber cinereum, mammillary bodies

Question 2

what is the major blood supply to the hypothalamus?

Answer 2

perforating branches from Circle of Willis

Question 3

what are the major inputs to the hypothalamus?

Answer 3

1. cerebrum 2. limbic system (hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, thalamus) 3. retina 4. brainstem / spinal cord 5. intrinsic neurons

Question 4

what is the function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus?

Answer 4

circadian cycles, internal clock

Question 5

what is the function of the mammillary bodies?

Answer 5

processing emotional information

Question 6

what is the function of the anterior and posterior nuclei of the hypothalamus?

Answer 6

regulation of body temperature

Question 7

what is the function of the ventromedial and lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus?

Answer 7

satiety and feeding

Question 8

what is the function of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus?

Answer 8

produces hormones for posterior pituitary

Question 9

what is the function of the preoptic, medial preoptic, arcuate, and periventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus?

Answer 9

release or inhibition of hormones of anterior pituitary

Question 10

the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus receives light information from the retina via which tract?

Answer 10

retinohypothalamic tract

Question 11

which hypothalamus nucleus contains many melatonin receptors?

Answer 11

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 12

the pineal gland works on which hypothalamic nucleus to regulate day / night cycles?

Answer 12

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 13

which components of the hypothalamic relay system are used for light and circadian rhythms?

Answer 13

pineal gland - suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus - dorsal longitudinal fasciculus - reticular formation

Question 14

what are the primary inputs to the mammillary bodies?

Answer 14

hippocapus and amygdala via fornix

Question 15

the parasympathetic output from the hypothalamus is via which nuclei?

Answer 15

preoptic and anterior

Question 16

the sympathetic output from the hypothalamus is via which nuclei?

Answer 16

posterior, lateral

Question 17

which hypothalamic nuclei are responsible for the initiation of heat loss? heat production?

Answer 17

1. heat loss - preoptic and anterior 2. heat production - posterior

Question 18

stimulation of which hypothalamic nuclei induce eating behavior? satiety?

Answer 18

1. eating - lateral nucleus 2. satiety - ventromedial

Question 19

stimulation of which hypothalamic zone induces desire to drink fluids?

Answer 19

lateral zone

Question 20

which hypothalamic nuclei are responsible for hormonal control of the posterior pituitary? via which tract?

Answer 20

1. supraoptic and paraventricular 2. hypothalamohypophyseal tract

Question 21

which hypothalamic nuclei are mainly responsible for hormonal control of the anterior pituitary?

Answer 21

arcuate and periventricular