Limbic System

Question 1

Where is the Limbic System located?

Answer 1

• ring-like region of cortex surrounding the brainstem

Question 2

Associated with HOME

Answer 2

HOME
Homeostasis
Olfaction
Memory
Emotion

Question 3

Where does the limbic system receive input from?

Answer 3

• All sensory systems but most directly from olfactory system

Question 4

Papez Circuit

Answer 4

• Emotions fuel perception and physiological responses
• Emotional stimuluse can go through pathways from thalamus to hypothalamus creating a physiological response; Goes to hypothalamus and implication on ANS (Sympathetic and Parasympathetic).

Question 5

What parts of the limbic system is involved with emotion?

Answer 5

• Amygdala
• Basal Ganglia

Question 6

Amygdala

Answer 6

• Most associated with strong emotion (specifically fear)
• Fear tied to fight or flight response
• Connections with the frontal cortex, association cortices , ANS (via hypothalamus) to tell you when you should fear something

Question 7

Example of how Basal Ganglia effects emotion

Answer 7

Parkinson’s patients have less facial expression

Question 8

5 types of memory

Answer 8

• Episodic
• Semantic
• Procedural
• Spatial
• Working

Question 9

Episodic

Answer 9

remembering things that happen to you

Question 10

Semantic

Answer 10

remembering facts

Question 11

Procedural

Answer 11

remebering how to do things

Question 12

Spatial

Answer 12

Remembering where things are within your environment

Question 13

Working

Answer 13

• Maintaining and manipulating information
• Ex: repeating a phone number over and over until you can right it down)
• Becomes long term through chunking

Question 14

What types of memory are considered declarative?

Answer 14

Episodic and semantic

Question 15

What type of memory is considered implicit?

Answer 15

Procedural

Question 16

All types of memory are ____ and ____

Answer 16

interrelated and interdependent

Question 17

What parts of the limbic system are important for memory?

Answer 17

• Basal Ganglia
• Amygdala
• Hippocampus
• Hypothalamus
• Mamillary Bodies
• Entorhinal Cortex
• Cingulate Gyrus

Question 18

Hippocampus

Answer 18

• Located next to amygdala
• Important in the formation of long term and declarative memory

Question 19

If the hippocampus is damaged, what will the person present with?

Answer 19

• Can’t create formation of new long term memories (Can’t remember what they did the day before)
• Short term and procedural memory are intact
• Damage to this region, associated with onset of Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 20

Hypothalamus

Functions

Answer 20

• Control body homeostasis via ANS connections
• Memory Recall

Question 21

Label this image

Answer 21

Question 22

Mamillary Body

Answer 22

• End of fornix
• Important for memory recall, especially recognition memory through interactions with the hypothalamus

Question 23

Entorhinal Cortex

Answer 23

• Located at rostral end of temporal lobe
• Direct input into the hippocampus
• Pre-processing memory inputs (gives sense of familiarity); find your way home
• Receives inputs from the olfactory system (how smell elicits memories)

Question 24

____ is one of the first areas to be affected in Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 24

Entorhinal Cortex

Question 25

____ is one of the first areas to be affected in Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 25

Entorhinal Cortex

Question 26

Cingulate Gyrus

Answer 26

• Located superior to corpus callosum
• Functionally split into anterior and posterior
• Anterior: Working memory (short term); Active working memory = first steo in forming long term memories
• Posterior: Recall of autobiographic memory (personal historic facts)

Question 27

Damage to the cingulate gyrus would result in….

Answer 27

Changes in memory similar to hippocampus