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Neuroanatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Is there a cranial nerve 0?

A
  • Controversial and generally microscopic
  • Often confused with on of the olfactory nerves
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2
Q

Cranial Nerve 1

A
  • Multiple nerves; Raw nerve ending = chemoreceptors
  • Sense of smell
  • DOES NOT pass through the Thalamus
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3
Q

Cranial Nerve 2

A
  • Optic Nerve
  • Not a peripheral nerve but rather an internal neural pathway
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4
Q

Cranial Nerve 2

A
  • Optic Nerve
  • Not a peripheral nerve but rather an internal neural pathway
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4
Q

Cranial Nerve 2

A
  • Optic Nerve
  • Not a peripheral nerve but rather an internal neural pathway
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5
Q

Cranial Nerve 3 - Basics

A
  • Voluntary Motor to extra ocular Muscles
  • Oculomotor nucleus locate in central medulla
  • Supplies:
    – Ipsilateral (inferior oblique, inferior rectus, medial rectus)
    – Contralateral (superior rectus)
    – Bilateral (levator palpebrae Superioris)
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6
Q

CN 3 - Parasympathetic

A
  • Visceral Oculomotor Nucleus
  • Rostral midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus (posterior to the oculomotor nucleus)
  • Supplies: constrictor pupillae, lens accommodators

Purple

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve 4

A
  • Trochlear
  • Located in Midbrain; level of the inferior colliculus
  • Nerve pathway decussated between the two inferior colliculi
  • Only CN that exits brain stem dorsally
  • Innervates Contralateral Superior Oblique Muscle
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8
Q

Cranial Nerve 5 - Basics

A
  • Trigeminal
  • Primarily Sensory but some muscle innervation
  • Sensory Nuclei used by all CNs (facial, glosso, vagus)
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9
Q

Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus

A
  • Pain and Temperature Sensation
  • Likely Pressure and Crude Touch
  • Located in the Medulla and Upper Cervical Spinal Cord (C1-C3)
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10
Q

Main Sensory Nucleus

A
  • Fine Touch/Proprioception
  • Located in the Lateral Pons
  • Roughly the same level as the Abducens and Facial Nuclei
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11
Q

Mescencephalic Nucleus

A
  • Some Proprioception, Fine Touch, Vibratory Sensation, etc. (Mostly Jaw)
  • Located in the Mesencephalon and the Rostral Pons
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12
Q

Trigeminal - Motor

A
  • Muscles of Mastication (temporalis, masseter, pterygoids)
  • Motor Nucleus in the Pons, medial to the Main Sensory Nucleus
  • Motor Pathway ONLY follows through the mandibular division
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13
Q

Trigeminal Nuclei placements in Midbrain

A

Roughly form a continual column of cell bodies Rostral to Caudal

Midbrain to Pons
* Mesencephalic Nucleus
Pons
* Motor Nucleus & Main Sensory Nucleus
Pons through Medulla to Upper Cervical Spinal Cord
* Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus

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14
Q

Cranial Nerve 6

A
  • Abducens
  • Nucleus located to its posterior surface
  • Nerve passes lateral to the medial lemniscus (sensory tract cuneate/gracilis) and pyramid (corticospinal tract)
  • Longest intercranial cranial nerves; therefore sensitive to brain swelling
  • Supplies Lateral Rectus Muscle
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15
Q

Cranial Nerve 7

A
  • Facial
  • Voluntary facial motor nucleus locate in the Caudal Pons
  • Same level as abducens nerve
  • UMNs will Bilaterally supply the Upper Nucleus
  • UMNs Contrallaterally supply the Lower Nucleus
  • Facial Nerve always supplies the ipsilateral face
16
Q

Cranial Nerve 7 - Nervus Intermedius

A
  • Taste Sensation and Parasympathetic Motor
  • Parasympathetic - Superior Salivatory Nucleus
  • Taste Sensation - Solitary Nucleus

Hard to assess tastes for a specific CN

17
Q

Solitary Nucleus

A
  • Located in Medulla
  • Taste
  • Synapse: Facial, Glossopharyngeal and Vagus
18
Q

Cranial Nerve 8

A
  • Two nerves in one (separate nuclei and seperate targets)
  • Vestibular - balance
  • Cochlear - Hearing
19
Q

Cranial Nerve 9

A
  • Voluntary Motor to Stylopharyngeus Muscle - Nucleus Ambiguous in medulla
  • Parasympathetic Motor to Parotid Gland - Inferior Salivatory Nucleus
20
Q

Cranial Nerve 10

A
  • Parasympathetic to upp 2/3rds of body
    – Dorsal motor Nucleus; Located in medulla on floor of 4th ventricle
  • Sensory derivatives of the foregut and midgut (Spinal trigeminal nucleus, main sensory nucleus, mesencephalic nucleus)
  • Motor to muscle of Pharynx; Nucleus Ambiguous in Medulla
21
Q

The trapezius and SCM are innervated by what?

A

Spinal Accesory N (Motor) and C2-C4 (Sensory)

22
Q

Cranial Nerve 11

A
  • Spinal Accessory N
  • Spinal Accessory Nucleus in Upper Cervical Spinal Cord
  • Motor to Trap and SCM
  • No Proprioception

Cranial Accesory N
* Motor to Larynx
* Starts in Nucleus Ambiguous
* Cranial Accesory Nerve fibers “join” w/ Vagus N.

23
Q

Cranial Nerve 12

A
  • Hypoglossal Nucleus
  • Located in medulla; level of 4th ventricle
  • Motor to muscles of the tongue
  • Genioglossus has contralateral UMN
  • Assess by sticking out the tongue

Neuroanatomy (17 decks)

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