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Neuroanatomy > Blood Supply > Flashcards

Blood Supply Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main blood vessels for the brain?

A

Right/Left Vertebral and Right/Left Internal Carotid Arteries

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2
Q

What is anterior vs posterior circulation in the brain? What parts of the brain do they supply with blood?

A

Anterior: Internal carotid and forward; Supplies cerebrum
Posterior: Posterior Cerebral Artery and backwards; Supplies mostly cerebellum and brainstem (one exception)

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3
Q

What is another name for posterior circulation?

A

Vertebrobasilar System

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4
Q

What arteries are in the posterior circulation?

A
  • Vertebral
  • Anterior Spinal
  • Posterior Inferior Cerebellar
  • Anterior Inferior Cerebellar
  • Basilar
  • Pontine
  • Superior Cerebellar
  • Posterior Cerebral
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5
Q

Anterior spinal artery is formed by ____
What does it supply?

A
  • Vertebral arteries enter cranial cavity uniting to form the artery
  • Send blood supply to the spinal cord and some portions of the medulla
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6
Q

What do the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries supply?

A

Cerebellum and portions of the medulla

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7
Q

What arteries create the basilar artery?
Where does the artery run in the brain?

A
  • Vertebral come together to form one basilar artery
  • Runs along the clivus of the occiput
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8
Q

Where do the pontine arteries come from?
What do they supply?

A
  • Come from basilar artery
  • Supply the brainstem
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9
Q

What does the anterior inferior cerebrella arteries supply? What would a blockage here cause?

A
  • The cerebellum
  • Issues with coordination, motor learning and postural control
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10
Q

What does the Labyrinthine Artery supply? Where is it located? If a blockage occured here what deficits would we see?

A
  • Supplies the ear with branches going to the cochlear and to the semicircular canals
  • Located in the ear and branch of either basilar artery or anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  • Blockage would result in hearing loss or vestibular damage
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11
Q

What does the superior cerebellar artery supply? Where does it come from?

A
  • Cerebellum and parts of the midbrain
  • Comes off the basilar artery
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12
Q

What seperates the posterior cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery?

A

Tentorum Cerebelli

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13
Q

What is so special about the posterior cerebral artery?

A

It is in the posterior circulation but supplies the occipital lobe and adjacent portions of the temporal, parietal and limbic lobes.

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14
Q

A blockage to the posterior cerebral artery would result in what?

A

Visual problems, sensory association issues and behavioral changes

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15
Q

What arteries comes of the posterior cerebral artery? What does it supply?

A
  • Thalamoperforate Arteries
  • Supply the thalamus
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16
Q

A block of the thalamoperforate arteries would result in what?

A
  • Major sensory loss, all sensory information goes through the thalamus
17
Q

What is more dangerous, a blockage to the posterior circulation or anterior circulation and why?

A

Posterior as it supplies things such as the midbrain, pons and medulla that help with functions to survive. Posterior result in coordination deficits or fatal outcomes.

18
Q

What are some common signs and symptoms of posterior circulation deficits?

A
  • Dizziness or vertigo
  • Dysarthria (inability to use speaking muscles/can’t speak)
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Loss or alteration of conciousness
  • Limb weakness
  • Ataxia
  • Nystagmus (lac of control of horiztonal gaze; eye sovershoot)
19
Q

Where do the internal carotid arteries enter the cranial cavity?

A

Through the carotid canals of the temporal bone

20
Q

Internal carotid arteries give off what interesting artery? What does it supply?

A
  • Opthalamic A.
  • Supplys the contents of the orbit
21
Q

What arteries make up the anterior circulation?

A
  • Internal Carotid
  • Middle Cerebral
  • Anterior Cerebral
  • Anterior Communicating
22
Q

Where does the anterior cerebral artery travel and what does it supply?

A
  • Travels internally and anteriorly through the longitudional fissure
  • Supplies anterior and superior aspects of the ftonal and parietal lobes and the interansl aspects of the ftonal, parietal and limbic lobes
23
Q

What would a blockage of the anterior cerebral artery do?

A

Issues with decision making, motor movement of the legs, sensory association, behavior changes

24
Q

Where is the anterior communicating A located?

A
  • Lies next to the optic chiasm
  • Not everyone has one
25
Q

The earlier a blockage, results in?

A

Wider spread effects

26
Q

Where does the middle cerebral A come from? Where does it go and what does it supply?

A
  • Comes off the internal carotid
  • Moves laterally/external to supply the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes
27
Q

What artery comes off the middle cerebral and what does it supply?

A
  • Lenticulostriate A.
  • Supply the basal ganglia and large portions of the internal capsule
28
Q

A blockage of the lenticulostriate arteries would result in what?

A

Massive sensory and motor loss as both travel throgh the internal capsule

29
Q

The middle cerebral artery may also give off what artery?

A
  • Posterior communicating arteries; Anastomoses with the posterior cerebral arteries
  • NOT ALWAYS PRESENT
30
Q

Ring of Cerebral anastomoses is called

A

Circle of Willis

31
Q

Anterior circulation pathology often results in what?

A
  • Functional deficits
  • Sometimes death when severe
32
Q

What is the blood brain barrier?

A
  • Passage that restricts large molecules from the bloodstream
  • Blood/Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier
    – Chorioid plexuses (of ventricles) filtrate CSF from blood
    – Only clear plasma passes through leaving blood cells behind
    – Formed by the fusion of the pia mater and the ependyma (ventricular lining)
  • Arachnoid Barrier
    – Formed by tight junctions between endothelial cells of cerebral capillaries in the arachnoid mater
    – Certain molecules can pass, while some larger are prevented.
33
Q

Clincial importance of the arachnoid barrier

A

In pharmacuticals will give the precursor substance (Ex: L-DOPA) which is small enough to pass through and then the brain does the rest to convert it where it is needed (Ex: dopamine)

34
Q

Venous Drainage

A
  • Not as common for problems
  • No valves, blood can go bidirectionally
  • Superficial and deep veins
  • Superficial veins lie within the subarachnoid space largely repsonsible for draining cortex
  • All blood drains into the straight sinus
35
Q

Why is a subarachnoid bleed so dangerous? Who is most prone to getting one?

A
  • Often don’t present with symptoms until late.
  • As we age the brain starts to shrink and veins get more fragile with age, puts that more susceptible to a bleed. Another reason while falling in old age is a major risk.

Neuroanatomy (17 decks)

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