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Neuroanatomy > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the cerebellum?

A
  • Spinocerebellum
  • Cerebrocerebellim
  • Vestibulocerebellum
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2
Q

Spinocerebellum Function

A
  • Regulation of muscle tone
  • Coordination of skilled voluntary movement
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3
Q

Cerebrocerebellum Function

A
  • Planning and modulation of voluntary activity
  • Storage of procedural memories
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4
Q

Vestibulocerebellum Function

A
  • Control of balance and eye movements
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5
Q

Label this photo

A

Purple: Spinocerebellum
Blue: Cerebrocerebellum
Green: Vestibulocerebllum

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6
Q

Label this

A
  • Purple: Hemisphere
  • Pink: Vermis
  • Yellow: Flocculonodular Lobe
  • Blue: Flocculus
  • Green: Nodulus
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7
Q

Vermis is latin for

A

Worm

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8
Q

What does the vermis do?

A

Coordinated trunk and proximal limb movements (Shoulders and hips)

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9
Q

What does the intermediate part do? Where is it located?

A
  • Coordination of distal extremities (arms, legs, hands, feet)
  • Lateral to vermis
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10
Q

What does the lateral part do? Where is it located?

A
  • Function: unknown; possible cognition and motivation
  • lateral to intermediate limb
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11
Q

The vermis and intermediate part are involved in ____ and ____

A

Motor Learning and Balance

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12
Q

What does the Flocculonodular Lobe do? Where is it located?

A
  • Function: Coordinate eye movement and balance
  • Located “caudally”
  • Made up of nodulus (central) and floculus (lateral)
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13
Q

The cerbellum is connected to the brainstem via ____. Where do they connect?

A
  • 6 peduncles, 3 on each side.
  • Superior Peduncles associated with midbrain
  • Middle Peduncles associated with Pons
  • Inferior Peduncles associated with Medulla
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14
Q

True or False: The cerbellum is able to initiate movments

A

False. No movement are initiated from within cerebellum. It modifies or refines movement based on sensory information and trial/error.

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15
Q

Can cerebellar testing be performed when someone is asleep?

A

No, need to be awake and moving

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16
Q

Cerbellar problems produce ____ disorders but are not associated with ____.

A
  • movement
  • weakness/paralysis
17
Q

What does the basal ganglia do?

A

Modfies movement through facilitation and inhibition; heavily involved wiht initiation.

18
Q

Cerebellar Motor Pathways influence muscles on the ____ side of the involved cerebellar lobe.

A

Ipsilateral

This will be a board question.

19
Q

The cerebellum mediates movments through what feedback mechanisms?

A
  • Spinocerebellar Pathway; Proprioceptive information from the joints and muscles
  • Vestibulocerebellar pathway; equilibrium inputs
  • Corticopontocerebellar pathway; cerebral motor cortex (what is planned and what sensory feedback tell us)

It takes the senses and uses it as feedback

20
Q

What types of information get brought into the spinocerebellar tract?

A
  • Brings in information concerning joint, tendon and muscle proprioception, tone, pressure and touch
  • Sensory information from muscles, tendons and joints
21
Q

Spinocerbellar Tract

A
22
Q

Spinocerebellar Dorsal Cross Section Tracts

A
23
Q

Vestibulocerebellar Pathway

A
  • Comes from ear through vestibular nerve to vestibular nucleus then goes to cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle (flocculonodular node). Then goes to both vestibular nucleus and then out to axial muscles for postural control.
  • Ipsilateral input; bilateral output.
  • Postural control stuff here; axial muscles

Input: vestibular apparatis
Output: muscle

24
Q

The vestibulocerebellar tract is involved with

A

balance information and postural muscles

25
Q

What information runs in the Corticopontocerebellar Tract?

A
  • Cerebral input for coordination of muscle activity
  • Specifically what gets activated and the strength of activation
26
Q

Corticopontocerebellar Pathway

A
27
Q

What explains why the middle cerebral peduncle is so big?

A

Almost all motor coordination information goes through it!

28
Q

Alternative visual for corticopontocerebellar tract

A
29
Q

Common signs of cerebellar dysfunction

A

Complex motor dysfunction
* Changes in speed and cadence of speech (does not cause paralysis, causes incoordination of muscles)
* Temor (Action or “Intention” Tremor); incoordinated movements of muscles
* Eye movment abnormalities (nystagmus or oscillopsia)

Mild Dysfunction
* Dysmetria: inability to judge range of limb movements, without watching them

Severe Dysfunction
* Diskinesia: inability to perfom limb movements smoothly and efficently, even when watching

30
Q

Cerebellar Severity of Symptoms is proportional to…

A
  • The amount of tissue destroyed
  • Not necessarily the location
31
Q

Asthenia

A
  • Lack of muscular strength due to incoordination, not paralysis
32
Q

Ataxia

A
  • Inability to maintain balance while walking due to incoordination
33
Q

Fatigability

A

Due to incoordination, muscles work against each other

34
Q

Hypotonia

A

Muscles feel flabby and offer less resistance to passive displacement

35
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

Difficulty with rapid alternating movements

Neuroanatomy (17 decks)

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