limb malformations

Question 1

definition

Answer 1

encompasses everything from extra bone, missing bone, short bone (hypoplasia) and fused bone and/or soft tissue

Question 2

syndactyly

Answer 2

most common type of limb malformation, caused by the fusion of two digits (hands or foot) due to failure of the connective tissue or phalanges to separate

Question 3

polydactyly

Answer 3

is the presence of an extra digit and is treated with amputation

Question 4

fibular hemimelia

Answer 4

failure of the fibula or partial fibular to form which causes a shortened leg, bowed tibia, and ankle deformity

• mild cases are treated with limb lengthening surgery
• severe cases need a through ankle amputation with fitting of a below knee prosthesis

Question 5

failure of the radius to develop

Answer 5

usually means that there is no thumb and a marked hand deformity called clubbed radial hand

Question 6

tarsal coalition

Answer 6

relatively common and is caused by two tarsal bones being fused together causing a painful flat foot which is jacks sign positive