lil facts

Question 1

Homonymous hemianopia

Answer 1

incongruous defects: lesion of optic tract
congruous defects: lesion of optic radiation or occipital cortex
macula sparing: lesion of occipital cortex

Question 2

Homonymous quadrantanopias*

Answer 2

superior: lesion of the inferior optic radiations in the temporal lobe (Meyer’s loop)
inferior: lesion of the superior optic radiations in the parietal lobe
mnemonic = PITS (Parietal-Inferior, Temporal-Super

Question 3

Bitemporal hemianopia

Answer 3

lesion of optic chiasm
upper quadrant defect > lower quadrant defect = inferior chiasmal compression, commonly a pituitary tumour
lower quadrant defect > upper quadrant defect = superior chiasmal compression, commonly a craniopharyngioma

Question 4

Features of acute closed angle glaucoma

Answer 4

severe pain: may be ocular or headache
decreased visual acuity
symptoms worse with mydriasis (e.g. watching TV in a dark room)
hard, red-eye
haloes around lights
semi-dilated non-reacting pupil
corneal oedema results in dull or hazy cornea
systemic upset may be seen, such as nausea and vomiting and even abdominal pain

Question 5

Predisposing factors to acute closed angle glaucoma

Answer 5

Hypermetropia
Pupillary dilation
Lens growth associated with age

Question 6

What deficiency is associated with Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 6

Thiamine/ B1

Question 7

What medicinal effect is seen with marijuana

Answer 7

Anticonvulsant

Question 8

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

Answer 8

Ramsay Hunt syndrome is suggested by presence of painful vesicles in the external auditory meatus. It is caused by herpes varicella–zoster infection affecting cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve, and may lead to ipsilateral facial palsy and associated hearing loss.