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RF for central retinal vein occlusion
Increasing age
HTN
CVD
Glaucoma
Polycythemia
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branch retinal vein occlusion
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central retinal vein occlusion
Clin F of retinal detachment
Painless vision loss
Dense shadow starting peripherally and progressing centrally
when is topical chloramphenicol given in eye conditions
Corneal abrasion to prevent secondary bacterial inf
Clinically differentiating between periorbital and orbital cellulitis
Periorbital - painless
Orbital - pain, visual disturbance
Clin F of preseptal cellulitis
Signs
Erythema and oedema of the eyelids, which can spread onto the surrounding skin
Partial or complete ptosis of the eye due to swelling
Orbital signs (pain on movement of the eye, restriction of eye movements, proptosis, visual disturbance, chemosis, RAPD) must be absent in preseptal cellulitis - their presence would indicate orbital cellulitis
Ix of preseptal cellulitis
Bloods - raised inflammatory markers
Swab of any discharge present
Contrast CT of the orbit may help to differentiate between preseptal and orbital cellulitis. It should be performed in all patients suspected to have orbital cellulitis
Clin F of carotid artery dissection
Localised HA, neck pain, Horner’s
Causes of Horner’s syndrome
Central lesions= annhidrosis of the face/arm/trunk = stroke, syringomyelia, MS, tumor, encephalitis
Preganglionic lesions = anhidrosis of the face = pancoast tumor, thyroidectomy, trauma, cervical rib
Post- ganglionic lesions = no anhidrosis = carotid artery dissection, carotid aneurysm, cavernous sinus thrombosis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, cluster HA
Anisocoria
Uneven sized pupils
Mydriatic pupil
dilated
Where is the lesion likely to be if a RAPD is present
Optic nerve lesion or severe retinal disease
What does a RAPD look like O/E
Finding
the affected and normal eye appears to dilate when light is shone on the affected
