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Neuro > Drill session > Flashcards

Drill session Flashcards

1
Q

which areas of the brain are most vulnerable to hypoxia

A

watershed areas the hippocampus neocortex and cerebellum

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2
Q

what are the two risk

factors for neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage

A

prematurity and lbw

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3
Q

What is the predominant type of glial cell in the white matter

A

Oligodendrocytes

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4
Q

Where are the raffini corpuscles located

A

In the fingertips and joints

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5
Q

Which cranial nerves are located in the pons

A

5, 6, 7, 8

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6
Q

Lesions to which side of the cerebellum (medial or lateral) affects voluntary movement of the extremities

A

Lateral

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7
Q

Chorea , characterised by sudden jerking purposeless movements, is indicative of a lesion in which structre

A

Basal ganglia

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8
Q

Palsy of which cranial nerve is assiciated with epidural hematoma

A

CN 3

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9
Q

The posterior 1/3 of the tongue taste and sensation come from which cranial nerve

A

9

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10
Q

Describe the type of sensory neuron fibers of the raffini corpuscles

A

They are dendritic endings with a capsule and are slow to adapt

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11
Q

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue sensation comes from which cranial nerve

A

V3

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12
Q

Where do charcoal bouchard microaneurysms most often occur

A

Putamen of the basal ganglia via the lenticulostriate vessels as well as the thalamus, pons and cerebellar

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13
Q

What is the most common childhood supratentorial tumor

A

Cranial pharyngioma

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14
Q

Which 4 parts of the spinal cord are affected in friedrich ataxia

A

Lateral corticospinal
Spinal cerebellar tract
Dorsal columns
Dorsal root ganglia

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15
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the cavernous sinus

A

3, 4, v1, v2 and 6

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16
Q

Where is the first synapse for the lateral corticospinal tract

A

Cell body of the anterior horn in the SC

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17
Q

Which type of cells are destroyed in guillian barre syndrome

A

Schwann cells

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18
Q

Diplopia associated with idopatic intracranial HTN is usually the result of a palsy of which cranial nerve.

A

6

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19
Q

Once the dorsal column decussates in the medulla does is ascend ipsilaterally or contralaterally

A

Contralaterally

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20
Q

Increased activity of which dopaminergic pathway results in positive symptoms

A

mesolimbic

21
Q

In which cranial nerve distributions is the port wine stain of sturge weber seen

A

V1 and V2

22
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of neurofibromatosis 1

A

autosomal dominant

23
Q

Which genetic syndrome is associated with the hemangioblastoma when found with retinal angiomas

A

Von hippel lindau syndrome

24
Q

The achilles reflex is mediated by which segments

A

S1 and s2

25
Q

Describe the optic disc when a patient has papilloedema due to increased ICP

A

Elevated and has blurred margins

26
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissue

A

CN 3, 4, v1, 6

27
Q

In which area does the start of a neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage originate

A

Germinal matrix

28
Q

Agnosia of the contralateral side of the world is a consequence of a lesion to which part of the brain

A

The non dominant parietal cortex

29
Q

Which findings will indicate that a case of conjunctivitis that is allergic in nature

A

Red itchy and bilateral

30
Q

In dry macular degeneration, extracellular material is deposited between which 2 structures

A

Brooch membrane and retinal pigment epithelium

31
Q

Which type of aphasia is characterised by speech patterns that are constantly started and stopped

A

transcortical motor aphasia

32
Q

destruction of which hypothalamic structure

results in damage to the hunger center

A

the lateral nucleus transcortical

33
Q

sensory aphasia affects which lobe around wernicke’s area

A

temporal

34
Q

progressive loss of vision in which fields is characteristic of glaucoma

A

Peripheral

35
Q

which muscles of ocular movement are

innervated by cranial nerve 3.

A

superior, inferior and medial rectus

Inferior oblique

36
Q

alteration of which protein increases someone’s risk of the sporadic form of alzheimer disease

A

apoe4

37
Q

what is the most common site of the development of a berry aneurysm

A

junction of the anterior communicating in anterior cerebral arteries

38
Q

which vagal nucleus functions in visceral sensory information

A

nucleus tract is solitarius

39
Q

which syndrome results from an infarct of the paramedian branches of the anterior spinal artery and or vertebral arteries

A

median medullary syndrome

40
Q

the v3 branch of cranial nerve 5 passes through which foramen

A

ovale

41
Q

the striatum consists of which structures

A

the putamen and caudate

42
Q

how do the cholinolemics increase the outflow of aqueous humor

A

by contracting the ciliary muscle and opening the trabecular meshwork

43
Q

which hypothalamic nuclei synthesize adh

and oxytocin

A

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

44
Q

what happens to dopamine gaba and ach in huntington disease

A

dopamine increases while gaba and ach are decreased

45
Q

cortical border zones

which are watershed zones in the brain occur between which vessels

A

between anterior and middle cerebral arteries and posterior and middle cerebral arteries

46
Q

what are some of the prophylactic medications used against a migraine headache

A

beta blockers amitriptyline topiramate valproic acid botulinum toxin
and anti-cgrp monoclonal antibodies

47
Q

at which point does hypoxemia have the

ability to increase cerebral perfusion pressure

A

if po2 drops below 50 millimeters of mercury

48
Q

which cranial nerves make up the

afferent and efferent pathways of the gag reflex

A

afferent is cranial nerve nine efferent is cranial nerve ten

49
Q

what is the inheritance pattern of neurofibromatosis one

A

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Neuro (13 decks)

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