Drill session Flashcards
which areas of the brain are most vulnerable to hypoxia
watershed areas the hippocampus neocortex and cerebellum
what are the two risk
factors for neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage
prematurity and lbw
What is the predominant type of glial cell in the white matter
Oligodendrocytes
Where are the raffini corpuscles located
In the fingertips and joints
Which cranial nerves are located in the pons
5, 6, 7, 8
Lesions to which side of the cerebellum (medial or lateral) affects voluntary movement of the extremities
Lateral
Chorea , characterised by sudden jerking purposeless movements, is indicative of a lesion in which structre
Basal ganglia
Palsy of which cranial nerve is assiciated with epidural hematoma
CN 3
The posterior 1/3 of the tongue taste and sensation come from which cranial nerve
9
Describe the type of sensory neuron fibers of the raffini corpuscles
They are dendritic endings with a capsule and are slow to adapt
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue sensation comes from which cranial nerve
V3
Where do charcoal bouchard microaneurysms most often occur
Putamen of the basal ganglia via the lenticulostriate vessels as well as the thalamus, pons and cerebellar
What is the most common childhood supratentorial tumor
Cranial pharyngioma
Which 4 parts of the spinal cord are affected in friedrich ataxia
Lateral corticospinal
Spinal cerebellar tract
Dorsal columns
Dorsal root ganglia
Which cranial nerves pass through the cavernous sinus
3, 4, v1, v2 and 6
Where is the first synapse for the lateral corticospinal tract
Cell body of the anterior horn in the SC
Which type of cells are destroyed in guillian barre syndrome
Schwann cells
Diplopia associated with idopatic intracranial HTN is usually the result of a palsy of which cranial nerve.
6
Once the dorsal column decussates in the medulla does is ascend ipsilaterally or contralaterally
Contralaterally
Increased activity of which dopaminergic pathway results in positive symptoms
mesolimbic
In which cranial nerve distributions is the port wine stain of sturge weber seen
V1 and V2
What is the inheritance pattern of neurofibromatosis 1
autosomal dominant
Which genetic syndrome is associated with the hemangioblastoma when found with retinal angiomas
Von hippel lindau syndrome
The achilles reflex is mediated by which segments
S1 and s2
Describe the optic disc when a patient has papilloedema due to increased ICP
Elevated and has blurred margins
Which cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissue
CN 3, 4, v1, 6
In which area does the start of a neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage originate
Germinal matrix
Agnosia of the contralateral side of the world is a consequence of a lesion to which part of the brain
The non dominant parietal cortex
Which findings will indicate that a case of conjunctivitis that is allergic in nature
Red itchy and bilateral
In dry macular degeneration, extracellular material is deposited between which 2 structures
Brooch membrane and retinal pigment epithelium
Which type of aphasia is characterised by speech patterns that are constantly started and stopped
transcortical motor aphasia
destruction of which hypothalamic structure
results in damage to the hunger center
the lateral nucleus transcortical
sensory aphasia affects which lobe around wernicke’s area
temporal
progressive loss of vision in which fields is characteristic of glaucoma
Peripheral
which muscles of ocular movement are
innervated by cranial nerve 3.
superior, inferior and medial rectus
Inferior oblique
alteration of which protein increases someone’s risk of the sporadic form of alzheimer disease
apoe4
what is the most common site of the development of a berry aneurysm
junction of the anterior communicating in anterior cerebral arteries
which vagal nucleus functions in visceral sensory information
nucleus tract is solitarius
which syndrome results from an infarct of the paramedian branches of the anterior spinal artery and or vertebral arteries
median medullary syndrome
the v3 branch of cranial nerve 5 passes through which foramen
ovale
the striatum consists of which structures
the putamen and caudate
how do the cholinolemics increase the outflow of aqueous humor
by contracting the ciliary muscle and opening the trabecular meshwork
which hypothalamic nuclei synthesize adh
and oxytocin
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
what happens to dopamine gaba and ach in huntington disease
dopamine increases while gaba and ach are decreased
cortical border zones
which are watershed zones in the brain occur between which vessels
between anterior and middle cerebral arteries and posterior and middle cerebral arteries
what are some of the prophylactic medications used against a migraine headache
beta blockers amitriptyline topiramate valproic acid botulinum toxin
and anti-cgrp monoclonal antibodies
at which point does hypoxemia have the
ability to increase cerebral perfusion pressure
if po2 drops below 50 millimeters of mercury
which cranial nerves make up the
afferent and efferent pathways of the gag reflex
afferent is cranial nerve nine efferent is cranial nerve ten
what is the inheritance pattern of neurofibromatosis one
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