Eye pathologies 2 Flashcards
Infectious causes of congenital cataracts
Toxoplasma Syphilis Rubella CMV HSV
Genetic causes of congenital cataracts
Trisomies Marfan syndrome Alport syndrome Refsum disease myotonic dystrophy neurofibromatosis t2 Inborn errors of metabolism
Another name for stye
Hordeolum
Most common pathogen in styes
staph aureus
What is a stye
Infection of the eyelid sebaceous glands
Chalazion what is it
Obstruction of sebaceous glands of the eyelids without infection
Causes of infectious conjunctivitis
Viral- adenovirus, HSV, VZV
Bacteria- gonococcal, chlamydial
Common cause of non infectious nonallergic conjunctivitis in newborns
Chemical conjunctivitis caused by ophthalmic silver nitrate against ocular gonococcal infection
Time of presentation after birth for conjunctivitis
Chemical - 1 day after delivery
Gonococcal- between day 2 and 7
Chlamydia - between day 5 and 14
Infectious causes keratoconjunctivitis
Adenovirus
HSV 1
Non infectious cause of keratitis
Sicca (dry eye disease) –> sjogren syndrome
Uveitis is associated with _____
Systemic inflammatory conditions
And HLA - B27
What is the distinguishing feature between anterior and posterior uveitis
Pain
Anterior uveitis - has pain
Posterior uveitis - painless
Cause of retinitis
CMV in immunocompromised
Appearance on fundoscopy of retinitis
Pizza pie appearance: retinal hemorrhages, fluffy white patches around retinal vessels
Pathphysiology of graves opthalmopathy
TSIgs –> activate T cells in retro- orbital space
Most common presentation of orbital cellulitis
Secondary to sinusitis (ethmoiditis- in young children)
- pain with eye movements
- Proptosis, redness, swelling, ophthalmoplegia, fever, chills,
pathphys of cataract
Osmotically active substances accumulate in the lens –> osmotic cellular damage
Sorbitol in DM
gALACTIOL in classic
Cataracts clinical presentation
Painless bilateral visual impairment - progressive over many years
Most common type of glaucoma
Open angle
