Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Italian Wine Scholar: Northern Italy > Liguria > Flashcards

Liguria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main source of income for Liguria?

A

Tourism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the scale of wine production in Liguria?

A

Small; wine produced here is largely consumed by thirsty summer visitors.
In the past, producers focused more on quantity, rather than quality, in order to accommodate demand from resorts and restaurants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How has wine production in Liguria changed since the beginning of the 21st century?

A

Quality has improved and the wines show distinct regional individuality. Many wine producers embraced the region’s viticultural heritage and its longstanging winegrowing traditions.

Whites from Pigato and Vermentino are refreshing and vibrant, while red from Rossese are distinctive. Acidity is often combined with a saline note, making them the perfect match for local seafood and regional specialties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When were vines fist planted on the steep slopes of Liguria and by who?

A

The Liguri tribe settled here well before 1000BC and is credited with planting vines on the steep slopes long before formal viticulture was introduced by the Greeks and Etruscans.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which wines were of great renown by the advent of the Roman Era?

A

The wines made along the coastal area of Cinque Terre.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which wines were held in such high esteem that Pliny the Elder mentioned them in his Naturalis Historia?

A

Those produced in the Roman town of Luni.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

During the middle ages, which area was a powerful city-state?

A

Genoa, the principal port of modern-day Liguria.
As a Maritime Republic of Genoa, it expanded beyond the city limits to encompass the territory around it and became one of the major military and commercial forces in the Mediterranean.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When did wine trade in Liguria become a significant source of income for the Republic?

A

The 14th century; at this time, grapevines accounted for two-thirds of the total cultivated farmland within the Ligurian territory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How significant was wine commerce in Liguria?

A

Genoa created a specific governing body in order to protect and support the consumption of wine within the Republic as a way to protect the population from diseases, epidemics and unsafe drinking water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When did viticulture in Liguria reach its zenith and then falter?

A

17th century; Genoa’s commercial influence began to decline due to internal political instability and increasing British and Dutch competition on the high seas. Growers abandoned vines and planted olives instead.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Increasing instability in Liguria continued well into which century when the Republic briefly became part of the French Empire under Napoleon?

A

19th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At the close of the Napoleonic Wars, how did the Congress of Vienna attempt to restore peace and negotiate balance of power and territory within Europe?

A

The Congress gifted the territory of the Republic of Genoa to the Kingdom of Sardinia, which later united most of the peninsula as the Kingdom of Italy in 1861)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What occurred at the end of the 19th century resulting in the virtual collapse of an industry in Liguria?

A

The arrival of phylloxera.

The steep and terraced vineyards were high-maintenance and offered relatively little by way of financial return. Many were abandoned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When did winegrowing begin to rebound in Liguria?

A

1960s-1970s; since, winegrowing has been able to keep in step with a bourgeoning tourist industry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How big is Liguria compared to other regions in Italy?

A

It is the 3rd smallest region in Italy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is Liguria located?

A

In northwest Italy. It is a narrow, crescent-shaped strip of land facing the Ligurian Sea, which is its southern border. To the west, lies France; to the east, Toscana. Piemonte forms most of its northern border, with Emilia-Romagna hemming a small portion of the region to the northeast.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the capital of Liguria?

A

Genoa; it is Liguria’s most important port and also the major commercial port in Italy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 4 major cities of Liguria?

A

1) Imperia
2) Savona
3) Genoa
4) La Spezia

The four major cities along the coast administratively divide the region into four main provinces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 main winegrowing sub-regions in Liguria?

A

1) Riviera di Ponente (West Coast)
2) Riviera di Levante (East Coast)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What area does the Riviera di Ponente sub-region cover?

A

The west coast stretching from the French border to the city of Genoa and covers the provinces of Savona and Imperia.
It is the largest, driest and most diverse sub-region and has a wide range of meso-climates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What area does the Riviera di Levante sub-region cover?

A

The east coast extending from the eastern part of Genoa to the Tuscan border. Besides Genoa, it includes the province of La Spezia and the famous villages of Cinque Terre and Portofino.
This area is characterized by steep capes and cliffs interrupted by small sandy beaches.
The vineyards are composed of very steep and narrow terraces held in place by dry-stone walls. The overlook the sea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where in Liguria is most winegrowing concentrated?

A

In the western Riviera di Ponente sub-region which produces mainly DOC wine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How much of Liguria is mountainous, hilly, or plains?

A

-65% mountainous
-35% hilly
-0% plains

The 220mi/350km of coastline is rocky and jagged.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The region of Liguria is shaped by which mountain ranges?

A

Two main mountain regions merge with the coast.
To the northwest lie the Maritime Alps.
To the northeast, the Ligurian Apennines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where are vines planted in Liguria?
Due to the rugged landscape, viticulture is mainly confined to steep, terraced coastal slopes or on slightly less steep, inland slopes. No flat land is available to grow vines. For these reasons, viticulture in Liguria is deemed 'heroic' due to the extremely challenging and labor-intensive conditions that growers have to face to tend their vineyards.
26
What is the climate in Liguria?
Overall, a Mediterranean climate, with some continental influences in the mountainous inland valleys.
27
How is the climate in Liguria affected by the topography and proximity to the sea?
The mountain ranges running through the region offer protection from cold northerly winds. The sea moderates temperature and reduces the diurnal temperature swings.
28
What is the average annual temperature in Liguria?
It is highest in the coastal area at 57F/14C, dropping to 54G/12C inland.
29
How does Liguria fair with rainfall and humidity?
Sea breezes bring humidity and rainfall is abundant, although it falls primarily during autumn and winter. Due to the prevailing southern winds, the eastern Riviera di Levante area is wetter than the other sub-region. It has an annual rainfall of 67in/1,700mm. The central area (around Genoa) is drier with 50in/1,300mm). The western Ponente sub-region is drier still, with less than 30in/800mm of precipitation.
30
What are the soil types found in Liguria?
Soils are poor and stony. Generally speaking, the region can be divided into two principal soil divisions: 1) the reddish calcareous marl-based soils of the western Ponent 2) the clay, sand, and limestone mix of the eastern Levante.
31
What is the weather in Liguria like through the four seasons?
1) Spring: mild with little rain 2) Summer: warm and dry, moderated by sea breezes. The lowest amount of rainfall; in very hot conditions, drought can be an issue. 3) Autumn: mild temperatures; highest levels of precipitation. 4) Winter: mild on the coast with colder temperatures in the inland valleys; significant rainfall.
32
How many grape varieties are grown in Liguria?
More than 100 different varieties - a nod to the glory days of the Republic of Genoa and its huge viticultural machine. Most of them are indigenous and are co-planted within the vineyards.
33
What are the most widely planted varietals in Liguria?
The most widely planted are: -Vermentino (white) -Pigato (white) -Rossese (red) More than 70% of planted grapes are white varieties.
34
How many of the planted grapes are international varieties?
A very tiny portion; they are mostly planted for IGT wines.
35
Name the native & traditional white varieties of Liguria.
Widely planted: 1) Vermentino 2) Pigato 3) Bosco 4) Albarola
36
Other than the primary native varieties, what are the other white grapes that can be found in Liguria?
1) Scimiscia 2) Trebbiano Toscano 3) Lumassina 4) Albana 5) Malvasia Bianca 6) Moscato Bianco 7) Rollo 8) Rossese Bianco 9) Ruzzese
37
Which is the most widely planted grape in Liguria?
Vermentino; it accounts for more than 20% of the total plantings.
38
What styles of wine are made using Vermentino in Liguria?
-single-varietal -blended
39
What are the characteristics of a Vermentino wine of Liguria?
It hints of aromatic herbs (fennel, sage, thyme), elderflower, pear, and has a distinctive mineral-salty finish.
40
Which varietal is the classic white grape of the western Rivier?
Pigato; specifically within the provinces of Savona and Imperia.
41
What style of wine is produced from Pigato in Liguria?
Varietal wines under the Riviera Ligure di Ponente DOC.
42
What are the characteristics of wines made from Pigato?
The wines are lightly herbal with stone fruits, sage and honey. It often shows a musky character and has a saline finish.
43
How are Vermentino and Pigato similar yet different?
Recent studies have shown that they are genetically identical. However, they have adapted differently to the Ligurian terroir and produce wines with a distinct character. The two grapes are still listed as separate in the National Registry of Grapes and in the DOC disciplinare.
44
Bosco is native to which area of Liguria?
It is a hardy, white grape, native to La Spezia. It is mainly grown on the eastern Riviera di Levante - often in vineyards right next to the sea.
45
What style of wine is produced from the Bosco grape?
A blend bottled as the Cinque Terre (Bianco) DOC. Blended with: -Vermentino -Albarola Bosco adds body & structure to the blend
46
Where is the Albarola grape primarily grown?
The sub-region of Riviera di Levante.
47
What style of wine is produced using the Albarola grape?
1) varietal wine 2) blends with: -Vermentino -Bosco
48
What are characteristics of wines made from Albarola?
Fragrant and citrusy with refreshing acidity.
49
What is Albarola known as in the Golfo del Tigullio and Val Polcevera DOCs?
Bianchetta Genovese. DNA studies prove them to be identical. However, they were once considered to be different varieties and are still listed as separate varieties in the Italian National Registry of grapes and the DOC disciplinare.
50
Name the native and traditional red varieties of Liguria.
1) Rossese 2) Ormeasco 3) Sangiovese
51
Other than the primary varieties, what other red grapes are found in Liguria?
1) Ciliegiolo 2) Canaiolo Nero 3) Pollena Nera 4) Granaccia (Cannonau) 5) Albarossa 6) Barbera
52
Which red varietal in Liguria has been proven to be genetically identical to the French grape Tibouren?
Rossese; but, no definitive assumption can be made as to whether the variety originally came from Italy or France. Today, it is considered a traditional variety of the western Riviera di Ponente since it has been grown there sine at least the 1700s.
53
Which is the most widely planted red grape variety in Liguria?
Rossese; it represents 10% of the vine total. Almost all plantings are concentrated in the western Riviera di Ponente.
54
What wines are produced from the Rossese grape?
Varietal wines of: -Dolceacqua DOC -Rossese Riviera Ligure di Ponente DOC
55
What are the characteristics of wines made from Rossese?
Pale ruby in colour, medium body, bright acidity, floral aromas, red berry fruit, herbs, spices and a distinctive savory note.
56
What is the local name for Dolcetto in Liguria?
Ormeasco
57
What styles of wine are produced from the Ormeasco grape?
Ormeasco di Pornassio DOC: -dry red -sweet red
58
How does Ormeasco of Liguria compare to Dolcettos of Piemonte?
Ormeasco tends to be more herbal and lighter in style.
59
Where in Liguria is Sangiovese mostly grown?
In the eastern sub-region of Riviera di Levante.
60
What wines are produced from Sangiovese in Liguria?
Sangiovese represents the main component for the reds of: 1) Colli di Luni DOC 2) Colline di Levanto DOC
61
Name the most widely planted varieties in Liguria from largest plantings to smallest.
1) Vermentino (23%) 2) Pigato (12%) 3) Rossese (10%) 4) Albarola (5%) 5) Ormeasco (5%) 6) Sangiovese (5%) 7) Bosco (4%) Others (36%)
62
Why are the vineyards in Liguria periodically reworked?
The steep, terraced vineyards date back to the Roman times and they must be reworked in order to prevent erosion and landslides.
63
What is the tradition training system for each sub-region?
Alberello (head training) in the western Riviera. Overhead pergola in the eastern Riviera. In Cinque Terre, a local low variant of pergola is adopted. Vertical training systems are becoming more common due to the labor-intensive nature of the traditional systems.
64
How do the wine styles in the east of Liguria differ from those of the west?
DOC wines of Riviera di Levate include varietal bottlings as well as white & red blends. The western Riviera di Ponente is entirely focused on single-varietal wines.
65
How much white wine is produced in Liguria?
White wines account for more than half of the total production.
66
How are white wines in Liguria generally defined?
By crisp acidity with a mineral-saline character.
67
How are red wines in Liguria generally defined?
Reds tend to be light and refreshing, often with a distinctive herbal-earthy note.
68
How is it decided which varieties are permitted in DOC wines?
The DOC defines the minimum proportions of the principal local varieties to be included in blends and varietal wines. The balance can be made from any of the authorized DOC varieties.
69
Name the appellations of Riviera di Levante.
1) Cinque Terre - Cinque Terre Schiacchetra DOC 2) Colli di Luni DOC 3) Val Polcevera DOC 4) Colline di Levanto DOC 5) Golfo del Tigullio-Portofino (or Portofino) DOC
70
What is Cinque Terre DOCs claim to fame?
The rare passito Schiacchetra.
71
Where is Cinque Terre DOC located?
The DOC covers a narrow strip of coast from the town of Monterosso to the major city of La Spezia. The landscape is characterized by some of the most spectacular of Liguria's terraced vineyards.These vines are so close to the sea that they are misted by the spray of waves.
72
How are the grapes in Cinque Terre DOC harvested?
By using monorails to transport them in crates from the vineyard to the nearest road.
73
What styles of wine are produced in Cinque Terre DOC?
Only white wines in: -dry (Cinque Terre) -sweet passito (Cinque Terre Sciacchetra) The blend is comprised of: -min. 40% Bosco -max. 40% Albarola and/or Vermentino -max. 20% other authorized white grapes Bosco gives structure. Vermentino adds perfume. Albarola provides acidity.
74
How are Cinque Terre wines characterized?
Dry white with refreshing acidity and light minerality with citrus and herbaceous notes. They are light in body and moderate in alcohol.
75
What are the 3 sub-zones of Cinque Terre that can append their name to the DOC on labels?
1) Costa de Sera 2) Costa de Campu 3) Costa de Posa These sub-zones have slightly more stringent requirements in terms of maximum permitted yields and alcohol level.
76
How often are Cinque Terre Sciacchetra wines produced?
This sweet passito style white is made in only the best years and is highly sought after due to the very tiny quantities produced. This wine is a resuscitated gem - rightly considered among the best of all the Italian passitos.
77
How is Cinque Terre Sciacchetra produced?
This wine is produced from grapes which gradually dehydrate on graticci (wooden racks) in well-ventilated rooms. The must is fermented in chestnut barrels or stainless steel.
78
What are the abv requirements for Cinque Terre Sciacchetra?
The final wine must have a minimum alcohol of 13.5% abv.
79
What are the requirements of Cinque Terre Sciacchetra regarding the wine's release?
It cannot be released before November of the year following harvest. The Riserva version can only be released after 3 years.
80
What are the characteristics of Cinque Terre Sciacchetra?
Golden-amber in colour. It is intense and complex with aromas of white flowers, dried apricot, dried figs, honey, almonds and spices wrapped around an underlying core of minerality.
81
What doe Cinque Terra mean and what does it refer to?
It means "five lands" and refers to the five fishing villages nestled on the cliffs to the north of La Spezia: -Monterosso -Vernazzo -Corniglia -Manarola -Riomaggiore The area is a National Park and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
82
What areas does Colli di Luni DOC cover?
Colli di Luni is an inter-regional DOC shared between Liguria and Toscana. It covers most of the eastern part of the Riviera di Levate and includes three towns in the northwest corner of Toscana.
83
Where does Colli di Luni get its name from?
From the hills (colli) around the ancient Roman town of Luni.
84
Where are the vineyards in Colli di Luni DOC located?
On the coast and on the inland hills.
85
How is the Tuscan influence on Colli di Luni clearly evident?
In the varieties grown and the styles of wines made. The reds are based on Sangiovese. The whites include Trebbiano Toscano. Vermentino from this area shows a similar profile with those produced in northwest Toscan and represents one of Liguria's most distinctive wines.
86
Name the wines of Colli di Luni DOC.
1) Colli di Luni Vermentino 2) Colli di Luni Albarola 3) Colli di Luni Bianco 4) Colli di Luni Rosso
87
What are the varietal requirements for Colli di Luni Vermentino?
-min. 90% Vermentino
88
What are the varietal requirements for Colli di Luni Albarola?
-min. 85% Albarola
89
What are the varietal requirements for Colli di Luni Bianco?
White blend based on: -Vermentino -Trebbiano Toscano
90
What are the varietal requirements for Colli di Luni Rosso?
Red wine based on Sangiovese.
91
Which of Liguria's DOCs is the smallest?
Val Polcevera DOC
92
Where is Val Polcevera located?
It comprises the coastal hills to the west of Genoa and the inland hills that lie along the small Polcevera River to the north and east of Genoa.
93
What styles of wine are produced in Val Polcevera DOC?
Refreshing whites blends and single-varietals from: -Vermentino -Bianchetta Genovese A red from: -Dolcetto -Ciliegiolo -Sangiovese
94
Name the sub-zone in Val Polcevera DOC that surrounds Genoa and is limited to the production of white blends.
Coronata
95
Where is Colline di Levanto DOC located?
This small DOC lies around the town of Levanto between the DOCs of Golfo del Tigullio and Cinque Terre.
96
What styles of wines are produced in Colline di Levanto DOC?
Light, fresh and simple white wines made from: -Vermentino -Albarola -Bosco A red wine based on: -Sangiovese -Ciliegiolo
97
Where is Golfo del Tigullio-Portofino DOC located?
Golfo del Tigullio-Portofino (or Portofino) is comprised of coastal and inland hills stretching from the eastern side of Genoa up to the town of Deiva Marina.
98
What styles of wine are produced from Golfo del Tigullio-Portofino DOC?
White wines made from: -Vermentino -Bianchetta Genovese -Scimiscia -Moscato Bianco Red wines made from: -Ciliegiolo -Dolcetto
99
Name the appellations of Riviera di Ponente
1) Riviera di Ponente DOC 2) Rossese di Dolceacqua (or Dolceacqua) DOC 3) Ormeasco di Pornassio (or Pornassio) DOC
100
What areas does Riviera di Ponente DOC cover?
This DOC covers most of western Liguria stretchng from San Remo to the west side of Genoa.
101
Which DOC in Liguria is the largest in terms of area under vine?
Riviera di Ponente DOC
102
What styles of wine are produced under Riviera di Ponente DOC?
Classic Ligurian varietal white wines from: -Pigato -Vermentino Reds from: -Rossese
103
Name the classic white wine of western Liguria.
Riviera Ligure di Ponente Pigato
104
What are the varietal requirements of Riviera Ligure di Ponente Pigato?
-min. 95% Pigato
105
What are the varietal requirements of Riviera Ligure di Ponente Vermentino?
-mini. 95% Vermentino
106
What styles of wine are labeled Riviera Ligure di Ponente Moscato?
White wines made fro Moscato Bianco in: -dry -passito
107
What are the varietal requirements of Riviera Ligure di Ponente Rossese?
-min. 90% Rossese
108
What styles of wine are labeled Riviera Ligure di Ponente Rossese?
Red wines in style of: -dry -passito
109
What styles of wine are labeled Riviera Ligure di Ponente Granaccia?
Red wines made from Grannaccia (Cannonau).
110
Name the 5 sub-zones of Riviera di Ponente DOC and state their varietals.
1) Albenganese (Pigato, Vermentino & Rossese) 2) Finalese (Pigato, Vermentino & Rossese) 3) Riviera dei Fiori (Pigato, Vermentino & Rossese) 4) Taggia (sweet Moscato Bianco) 5) Quiliano (dry red Granaccia)
111
Which of the Riviera di Ponente DOC sub-zones produces some of the best Pigatos?
Albenganese
112
Which of the Riviera di Ponente DOC sub-zones produces some of the best Vermentinos?
Finalese
113
How long have the wines of Dolceacqua been held in high regard?
Since at least the 19th century. Even Napoleon expressed his admiration.
114
Which Ligurian wine was the first to achieve DOC status?
Rosses di Dolceacqua in 1972. It is considered among the most distinctive wines produced in all of Liguria.
115
Where is Rossese di Dolceacqua DOC located?
The DOC lies around the small medieval town of Dolceacqua in the western corner of Liguria along the French border.
116
Where in Dolceacqua are vine planted?
Vineyards lie at altitudes between 990-2,000ft/300-600m. Vines are planted on terraced, rocky slopes.
117
What are the soil types found in Rossese di Dolceacqua DOC?
Red calcareous soil where the terroir-sensitive Rossese has found a perfect home on water-retaining hillsides that are buffeted by winds.
118
What are the varietal and aging requirements of Rossese di Dolceacqua DOC?
Wines are made from min. 95% Rossese. The superiore version can only be released after 1 year and must have a min. 13% abv.
119
How many MGAs are able to append their name to the DOC on labels? Name the most well-known.
38 MGAs 1) Arcagna 2) Luvaira 3) Pini 4) Curli 5) Posau 6) Galeae
120
What are the characteristics of Rossese di Dolceacqua DOC?
The wines have good tannic structure, medium body, red fruits and spice aromas. They are suitable for medium-term aging, particularly the superiore version.
121
How does Rossese di Dolceacqua DOC compare to Rossese Riviera Ligure di Ponente DOC?
Dolceacqua wines show more intensity, depth and spiciness.
122
Where is Ormeasco di Pornassio DOC located?
This DOC is located entirely in the mountainous inland area around the town of Pornassio, to the northwest of Imperia.
123
What altitude do the vineyards of Ormeasco di Pornassio DOC lie at?
Up to 2,600ft/800m
124
What varietals are used in Ormeasco di Pornassio DOC?
min. 95% Ormeasco (Dolcetto).
125
What are the characteristics of Ormeasco di Pornassio DOC?
Wines are floral, fruity and spicy with a slightly bitter finish. The classic style of Ormeasco di Pornassio is dry.
126
What are the requirements of the superiore version of Ormeasco di Pornassio DOC?
-higher min. alcohol -min. 1 year aging
127
What styles of wines are produced under Ormeasco di Pornassio DOC?
-dry red -fruity rosato (labelled Sciactra) -sweet red passito (made from dried grapes) All wines made predominantly from Ormeasco. Note: do not confuse the sweet white Sciacchetra of Cinque Terre with Sciactra
128
How much area does Liguria have under vine?
Liguria has the smallest area under vine after Valle d'Aosta. Approx. 3,700ac/1,500ha. (2nd smallest in Italy) The great majority of vineyard holdings and wineries are small in size and family-owned. More than 40% of the total land under vine is owned by producers with less than 2.5ac/1ha and this is often fragmented over several different plots.
129
How many DOCs are there in Liguria?
8 DOCs; as of 2017.
130
How much of the total wine production in Liguria do DOC wines account for?
-DOCs account for more than 70% -IGTs are less than 15% -Generic wines are less than 15% Note: wines produced in Liguria are mostly consumed locally by tourists, however they are increasingly attracting attention from outside the region.
131
How does Liguria compare to Valle d'Aosta and Molise in size?
Liguria is the third smallest Italian region in size. Valle d'Aosta is the smallest and Molise, second smallest. But Liguria has less area under vine than Molise.

Italian Wine Scholar: Northern Italy (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions