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MCAT phys > Light and optics > Flashcards

Light and optics Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

what kind of wave is light

A

electromagnetic –> transverse

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2
Q

polarized light

A

naturally occuring light is polarized , electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular

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3
Q

what ways can light be polarized

A

linear and circular (l/r)

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4
Q

optical dichromism

A

use R/L configuration of polraization of light to determine characteristcs

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5
Q

how fast do electromagnetic waves propagate through a vaccum

A

speed of light
c = 3.0E 8 m/s

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6
Q

speed of electromagnetic radiation rxn

A

c= λ*f

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7
Q

Energy of electromagnetic radiation eqn

A

E=h*f
- h is planks constant 6.62E-34

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8
Q

what does high energy mean in terms of frequency and wavelength

A

high energy = high frequency = low wavelength

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9
Q

low energy waves

A

low frequency, high wavelength

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10
Q

energy of radiation in terms of wavelength

A

E= (hc)/λ

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11
Q

range of visible light

A

400 nm to 750 nm

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12
Q

violet is ____ in wavelength

A

low

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13
Q

red is ___ in wavelength

A

high

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14
Q

which type of radiation is lower wavelegnth than violet

A

UV (ultraviolet)

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15
Q

which type of wave length is higher than red

A

Infared (red)

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16
Q

mneumonic for remembering electromagnetic spectrum

A

Raging Martions Invade Venus Using Xray Guns

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17
Q

what is true about color and absopriton

A

things do not appear the color that they absorb

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18
Q

properties of a wave that are traveling through a medium and come into contact with another medium

A

reflection and refraction

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19
Q

reflection

A

wave bounces off new medium

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20
Q

refraction

A

wave length continues to travel through new medium along slightly different path

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21
Q

things reflect …. (symmetrically or assymetrically)

A

symmetrically

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22
Q

relationship between angle of reflection and angle of incidence

A

opposite but equal

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23
Q

normal line

A

perpendicular to the optical interface

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24
Q

propagation speed depends on

A

medium it travels through

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25
Q

what happens to speed of particle during refraction

A

passes through different mediums and speed changes

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26
Q

refraction index

A

n = c/v(material)
ratio of speed of light to speed in new material
- always greater than 1

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27
Q

snells law theory

A

when refraction occurs, speed changes and light bends
- relates refraction index to how much light bends

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28
Q

snells law equation

A

n1sin1=n2sin2

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29
Q

n1/n2<1

A

angle is increasin and speed is incrasing

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30
Q

total internal reflection

A

go beyond critical angle and no more light can refract, all must be reflected y

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31
Q

prism

A

total internal reflection of light disperses color

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32
Q

angle of incidence

A

angle between source and medium

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33
Q

diffraction

A

light passes through obstacle, light hitting will reflect back and light missed will continue through
}

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34
Q

single slit

A

diffraction experiment where light passes through one small slit
massive intensity peak at the center of the diffraction pattern with alternating and weak paeks and areas of darkness as you move away from center

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35
Q

single slit formula

A

Asin=m λ
- m is the location for minimum light waves λ to pass through slit of length A

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36
Q

relationship between a and sin

A

inverse
- wider aperture = narrower area of intensity

37
Q

double slit diffraction

A

width of two aperatures D
Dsin= (n+.5) λ

38
Q

diffraction grafting

A

combining thousands of tiny slits into a small area , grooves of DVD

39
Q

X ray diffraction

A

type of diffraction used for imaging
_DNA crystallography

40
Q

thin film interference

A

confused with diffraction, occurs when light waves reflect off both the top and bottom boundries of substances that form a film
- gas, water, soap

41
Q

mirrors

A

substances from which light rays reflect without any absorbance or refraction

42
Q

types of mirrors

A

plane, convex, concave

43
Q

real image

A

formed in the plane in whcih the reflected waves converge again

44
Q

virtual image

A

formed when light waves dont actually converge in a physical plane, but our perceptrual apparatus reconstructs an image based on where it appaers they were coming from

45
Q

plane mirror

A

ray of light hits mirror perpendicularly will bounce off in the same direction and form rays of light that hit a plane mirror on an angle, reflect to have equal but opposite to the nromal line

46
Q

curved mirrors are either

A

convex or concave

47
Q

concave mirrors

A

have inward curve
force light rays to converge

48
Q

convex mirrors

A

outward curve
- scattyer light rays outward

49
Q

what kind of mirrors make virtual images

A

convex and plane

50
Q

what kind of mirrors make real images

A

concave

51
Q

focal point

A

point of a curved mirror that is where reflection occurs

52
Q

where is focal point

A

f= r/2

53
Q

distance of object (o)

A

location of object relaitve to mirror

54
Q

distance of image (i)

A

where image of object is formed

55
Q

thin lens equation

A

1/o + 1/i = 1/f

56
Q

positive 1/f

A

in front of mirror

57
Q

negative 1/f

A

behind mirror

58
Q

magnification

A

m = -i/o

59
Q

convex 1/f values

A

negatiev

60
Q

concave 1/f values

A

positive

61
Q

negative magnification

A

inverted –> real

62
Q

thin lens equation for plane mirrors

A

1/f = -1/i

63
Q

magnification of plane mirror

A

m = -i/o = 1

64
Q

convex focal length

A

1/i = 1/f = -1/o
o>0

65
Q

image of convex mirror

A

virtual and up right

66
Q

magnifiation of convex mirror

A

positive so upright

67
Q

o>f

A

obejct is distant from focal point = positve = real
mangification negative so inverted

68
Q

o = f

A

object is at focal point = no image

69
Q

0<f

A

object is closer than focal point
image is virtual and upright

70
Q

where are real images located

A

in front of mirror

71
Q

orinetation of real images

A

inverted

72
Q

orientation of virtual images

A

upright

73
Q

sign of i for real images

A

positive

74
Q

sign of i for virtaul images

A

negativ

75
Q

what mirror makes real

A

concave if o>f

76
Q

what mirror makes virtual

A

convex is f>o

77
Q

lens

A

allow light to pass through

78
Q

convex lens

A

rays converge

79
Q

concave lens

A

rays diverge

80
Q

focl length of lens

A

1/f = (n-1) (1/r - 1/r)
- f focial length
n is refraction index of lens
r is curvature radii

81
Q

f for convex

A

positive

82
Q

f for concave lens

A

negative

83
Q

power of a lens

A

P= 1/f

84
Q

spherical abberation

A

different refraction patterns of light in lens

85
Q

total magnificaiton

A

multiply indivudal mags of lenses

86
Q

cornea

A

fixed focal length

87
Q

lens

A

flexible and bends light to focus on the retina where photoreceptors are

88
Q

myopia

A

nearsidedness
can see upclose not far
light refracts too much and image focus cannot work

89
Q

how to correct myopa

A

use diverging lens

MCAT phys (9 decks)

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