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MCAT phys > circuits and magnetism > Flashcards

circuits and magnetism Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

electrostatics

A

study of electromagnetic phenomena at equillibrium (when particles are not moving)

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2
Q

charge

A

causes matter to experence force in an electric field
measured in colloumbs

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3
Q

magnitude of both proton and electron charges

A

1.6E-19

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4
Q

conservation of charge

A

no protons/ electrons are created or destroyed

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5
Q

coloumbs law

A

F = Kq1q2/r^2
k is 8.99E9

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6
Q

electric field

A

region where a charge feels a force

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7
Q

force in an electric field eqn

A

F= E*q

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8
Q

electric field equation

A

E= F/q

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9
Q

units of electric field

A

C/N or V/m

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10
Q

field lines

A

graphically represent electric fields

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11
Q

what does the number of electric field lines represent

A

relative strength of electric field

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12
Q

electric field eqn in terms of columbs law

A

E = Kq1/r^2

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13
Q

which way do positive charges cause fieldlines to point

A

outward

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14
Q

which way do negative charges cause fieldlines to point

A

inward

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15
Q

current (I)

A

charge flows through a conductor in a specific direction
charge over time: C/s or A

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16
Q

direct current

A

1 direction throgh a circuit (batteries)

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17
Q

alternating current

A

direction of current flow changes

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18
Q

what drives current movement

A

voltage differentials

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19
Q

voltage

A

measure of electric potential difference

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20
Q

electromotive force

A

voltage difference that powers current movement

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21
Q

resistance eqn

A

R= ρ*L/a
ρ is inherit resistance of object

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22
Q

what does resistance depend directly on

A

length

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23
Q

what does resistance depend indirectly on

A

inverse of area

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24
Q

resistors

A

reduce current flow in a circuit and transform KE into other usable forms of energy like light and heat

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25
Q

ohms law

A

V=IR

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26
Q

ohms law (i)

A

V/r= I

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27
Q

what is current proportional to

A

voltage

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28
Q

what is current inversely related to

A

resistance

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29
Q

ohms law (r)

A

R= V/I

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30
Q

resistance defn

A

units of ohms
volts/ amperes

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31
Q

voltage def

A

electrical potential energy of a charge at a given point in the electric field divided by the charge
V= U/q

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32
Q

work performed in terms of voltage and charge

A

W = V*q

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33
Q

power of circuit equation

A

Vq/t or VI
- power is voltage times curren t

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34
Q

power eqn in terms of resistance and current

A

P=I^2R

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35
Q

power eqn in terms of resistance and voltage

A

v^2/R = P

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36
Q

voltage drop

A

voltage moves from + to -

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37
Q

resistor in a circuit diagram

A

sqwiggles

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38
Q

resistance of conductive wire

A

very low, negligable

39
Q

Kirchoff’s laws

A

adaptations of conservation of mass/ energy in context of electrical circuits

40
Q

kirchoffs first law

A

any junction in circuit, sum of current entering the junction must equal the sum of currents exiting the junction
Iin= Iout

41
Q

kirchoff’s 2nd law

A

for a closed system, the sum of voltage drops throughout the circuit = the source voltage (emf)
Vsource = Sum of voltage

42
Q

series resistors

A

add one after the other in a row
- uninterrupted flow of charge

43
Q

parallel resistors

A
  • current in split among resistors
44
Q

what happens to current in resistors in series

A

carry same current throughout
I1= 12

45
Q

what happens to resistance in series

A

R1 + R2 + R3

46
Q

what happens to voltage in resistance in series

A

V + v2+ v3

47
Q

what happens to current in resistance in parallel

A

I1+ I2 + I3

48
Q

what happens to resistanc ein parallel

A

1/R + 1/R = 1/R total

49
Q

what happens to voltage in parallel

A

V= v2 = v3

50
Q

how does resistance add in parallel

A

reciprocally

51
Q

how does resistance add in series

A

directly

52
Q

what measures current

A

ammeters

53
Q

voltmeter

A

measures voltage

54
Q

ohmmeters

A

measure resistance

55
Q

capacitor

A

device containing two separate components with opposite charge
2 parallel conductive plates seperated by an insulator

56
Q

dielectric material

A

insulating material between conudctive plates of a capacitor

57
Q

capacitance

A

amount of charge stored in a capacitor for a given voltage
units : F

58
Q

capacitance eqn

A

C=Q/V

59
Q

charge in terms of capacitance and capacitance

A

Q= C*V

60
Q

ways to increase charge in a capacitor

A
  1. increase the voltage
  2. increase the capacitance
61
Q

units of capacitance

A

F or C/V

62
Q

what factors affect capacitance

A
  1. geometry of the capacitor
  2. insulatory (dielectric) material seperating the two charged plates
63
Q

capacitance (geometry) eqn

A

C= ε0*a/d
a is overlapping cross sectional area of the plates
ε0 is permitivity of free space 8.85E-12
d is distance between charged plates

64
Q

what is the purpose of an insulator in a capacitor

A

prevent the charges on the plates from equalizing

65
Q

dielectric constant

A

K= ε/ε0
- greater dielectric constant = more charge the capacitor can store at a given voltage

66
Q

capacitance in terms of charge and voltage

A

C= Q/V

67
Q

C’

A

C’ = C*K
modified capacittance when capacitor leaves a vaccum

68
Q

electric field in terms of voltage and distance

A

E=V/d
- only applies to uniform electric fields

69
Q

Electric field eqn in terms of force

A

E=f/q

70
Q

potential energy (capacitance)

A

PE= .5CV^2

71
Q

capacitors in series

A

1/ctotat = 1/c +1/c

72
Q

capaciters in parallel

A

Ctotal = c1 + c2 + c3

73
Q

relationship between capacitors and resistors in series or parallel

A

reverse
series: C is 1/c and R is R + R

74
Q

does charge flow across capacitors

A

no

75
Q

if you increase surface area what happens to capacitance

A

increase

76
Q

magnetism

A

force exerted when magnets repel or attract one another

77
Q

magnetic fields

A

magnetic fields are like electric fields BUT they only act on moving charges
unit - T

78
Q

tesla (T)

A

magnitude of magnetic field throuh which a particle with a charge of 1 C moving perpendicular to the field a 1 m/s a force of 1 N

79
Q

how are magnetic fields generated

A
  1. by magnetic materials
  2. moving charges
80
Q

dimagnetic

A

materials paired with electrons do not generate a magnetic field and cannot be magentized
- fabric, glass, etc

81
Q

paramagnetic

A

unpaired electrons have random spins, and the material as a whole has no magnetic dipole

82
Q

ferromagnetic

A

materials with unpaired electrons with random spin that can be permanently affected by the application of an external magnetic field
- everyday magnet

83
Q

magnets always have

A

a positive and negative end

84
Q

magnetic field lines

A

behave like electric field lines and point toward negative dipoles

85
Q

strength of magnetic field with current moving through a wire

A

B= µ o*I/(2πr)
uo is permiability of free space
I is current
r distance from wire

86
Q

what is B directly proportional to

A

current

87
Q

what happens to b as r is increased

A

magnetic field decreases

88
Q

how to determine direction of magnetic field

A

right hand rule

thumb direction of current
fingers curve in direction of field

89
Q

force exerted by magnetic field

A

Fb = qVBsintheta

90
Q

right hand rule for force of magnetic field

A

thumb- direction of charge
fingers - direction of field
force is palm (up is +/ down is -)

91
Q

force is always ____ to particle motion

A

perpindicular

92
Q

radius of a charged particle in a magnetic field

A

r= mv/qB

93
Q

magnetic force on a current carrying wire

A

Fb = ILB sintheta

MCAT phys (9 decks)

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