Lifespan 5 Flashcards
What is childhood realism?
Children in early stages of moral development believe that rules are absolute and cannot be changed
What is dual representation?
The ability to think about a representation in two different ways at the same time
What is dual representation important for?
Problem solving and understanding meaning
What is executive cognition?
Higher level cognitive skills that control and coordinate other cognitive abilities and behaviours
What is false belief?
The ability to understand that others may have different beliefs and act on them, even if those beliefs are incorrect
Define mental states
A person’s state of mind, which can include their beliefs, intentions, emotions, perceptions and more
What is theory of mind?
The ability to infer mental states, thoughts and feelings to oneself and others
-understandings that shape behaviour
-interpreting feelings, thoughts, intentions, desires and beliefs
-understanding that others’ beliefs, desires, intentions, emotions and thoughts might be different from one’s own
What is violation of expectations?
Showing that events are either consistent or inconsistent with expectations
What did DeLoach do?
An experiment with a small dollhouse room that was representative of the room they were in. Then she would hide an object somewhere in the dollhouse room. She would then ask the child to find the larger version of the object she hid in the room that was represented in the model
What were the findings?
3 year old children could find the larger object but 2.5 year olds couldn’t. She hypothesised that this was because the room was so interesting in itself.
What happened in the DeLoach experiment 10 years later?
There was a ‘shrinking machine’ that made it look as though the room had shrunk. The object would be hidden and then the ‘shrinking machine’ would shrink the whole room. 2.5 years olds were able to find the object
Why could 2.5 year olds find the object when the room had shrunk?
Because the scale room model was actually the original room in their minds. Children no longer had to simultaneously represent the scale model as an interesting object and symbol for something else. Simply, there was no need for dual representation
What is egocentrism?
The tendency of children to believe that other people view the world from their perspective
What is the three mountain task?
Done by Piaget to assess egocentrism. There were three model mountains of different sizes with different landmarks. The child had to walk around the table to view the different mountains and then sit opposite a doll. The child then had to identify photographs showing the model from the perspective of the doll. Most children failed the task
Who came up with level one perspective taking?
Flavel
