Lifespan Flashcards
There are 3 attachment patterns in the Adult Attachment Interview: (…)
autonomous (secure), dismissing(avoidant), and preoccupied (ambivalent)
Social-Cognitive Factors & Aggression: 2 beliefs that different for aggressive kids are self-(…) beliefs and beliefs about the (…) of their behaviors. They show little (…) or (…) .
self-efficacy (difficult to inhibit aggressive behavior), outcome (positive consequences), regret or remorse
Remarriage (Child’s Age, Stepfathers): There’s little difference between bio and step-families…px more often with (…) aged kids, (…), and step-fathers tend to be more (…) than bio dads.
early adolescence, girls, distant and disengaged
Vision & Pain in Newborns: Newborns sees at (…) feet what an adults sees at (…) ft., but increases to adult vision by (…) months. They also feel pain.
20, 200, six
Age Effects on Memory: Secondary or (…) memory show the most declines because of reduced spontaneous use of (…).
recent long-term, effective encoding strategies.
Baumrind’s 4 parenting styles include: (…). (…) is high in (…) and moderate in (…).
authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and rejecting-neglecting; authoritative, responsivity, control
Gilligan’s (…) results in a “loss of voice” when (…) girls become disconnected from themselves as a result of (…)
relational crisis, adolescent, oppression/social pressures to conform to feminine stereotypes
Piaget’s Morality Model has two stages: (…) and Autonomous. First is a morality of (…) where rules are created by (…). Second is a morality of (…) where rules are (…) and created through (…). The later involves considering (…) as well as consequence.
Heteronomous, constraint, authority figures, cooperation, arbitrary, consensus, intentions
Children of depressed moms have higher rate of problems due to (…) and (…). Measurable by (…) months of age. Linked to (…) noncompliance and (…) with peers.
genetic predisposition, mother-child interactions, 3, passive, aggressiveness
PKU is tested with a heel prick in infancy and is caused by a pair of (…), could cause (…), and is treated by a low phenylalanine diet.
recessive genes, MR
Werner & Smith’s Resilience can be fostered by 3 thing: (…), good communication skills, and (…).
fewer stressors after birth, stable support from caregivers
Socioemotional Selectivity (Carstensen): Social goals have 2 functions: (…) and (…). They are moderated by perception of (…).
acquisition of knowledge, regulation of emotion, time left
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model have 5 levels: (…). Political and cultural systems are in the (…) while family influences on school behavior are in the (…).
Micro, meso, exo, macro, chromo, macro, meso
(…) children express more lonliness and peer dissatisfaction versus (…) children. (…) kids often continue to experience worse outcomes in multiple contexts.
rejected, neglected, rejected
Kohlberg’s Gender Identity involves 3 stages: (…) (2-3), gender stability, and (…)(6-7). Bem suggested (…) of masculinity from sociocultural experiences.
gender identity, gender constancy, schemas
Kohlberg’s 3 Phases of Moral Development: (…) based on logical reasoning and (…). Phase One: (…) and (…). Phase Two: (…) and (…). Phase Three: (…) and (…).
pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional, perspective-taking; 1: Punishment & Obedience 2: Instrumental Hedonism, 3: Good boy/Good Girl, 4: Law & Order, 5: Social contract, 6: Individual Principles of Conscience (describe each!)
Newborn cries include: hunger, (…), and pain. By (…) months, it includes fussy or irregular cry.
anger, 1-2 months
The fastest rate of increase in vocabulary occurs between (…) and (…) months.
30 and 36 months
Babbling narrows to sounds of native language between (…) months of age.
9 and 14
Adolescents MOST likely say they’ve used (…) in the past month.
alcohol
Visual cues develop in infants in the following sequence: kinetic, binocular, and finally (…).
pictorial
Marcia’s Identity Statuses reflect the degree of commitment to an identity: (…), foreclosure, (…), and achievement.
diffusion, moratorium
By age (…) or (…), children begin to regularly use memory strategies deliberately and selectively.
9 or 10
Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development include: (…) when the (…) shifts from different areas of the body. The successful resolution of the Oedipal complex results in the development of the (…) in the (…) stage.
Oral, (0-1) Anal, (1-3) Phallic, (3-6) Latency, (6-12) Genital, (12+) libido, superego, Phallic
Information processing theories stress the importance of increasing information processing (…) and (…).
capacity, efficiency
Effects of malnutrition include: low birth weight, immune system suppression, MR. In the 3rd trimester, is can lead to reduced number of (…), reduced (…), and neurotransmitter abnormalities.
neurons, myelinization
By (…) to (…) months, telegraphic speech appears, which means creation of (…).
12 to 18 months, sentences
Down syndrome is caused by an extra 21 chromosome. It’s characterized by (…), (…), and increased susceptibility to Alzheimer’s, (…), and heart defects.
MR, distinctive physical characteristics, leukemia
Erickson’s 8 Stages of Development where people face psychosocial crises across the lifespan: (…)
- Trust v. Mistrust (infancy)
- Autonomy v. Shame (toddlerhood)
- Initiative v. Guilt (early child)
- Industry v. Inferiority (school)
- Identity v. Role Confusion (adolescence)
- Intimacy v. Isolation (young)
- Generativity v. Stagnation (middle)
- Ego Integrity v. Despair (old)
Visual changes occur after age (…) and include reduced perception of (…) and (…), increased (…), presbyopia, loss of visual acuity, and dynamic vision. Earlier at age (…), (…) occurs where the near focal point moves away from the eye.
65, depth and color, light sensitivity, 40, presbyopia
One of the signs of attachment, (…), begins by (…) to (…) months and diminishes after (…) years.
stranger anxiety, 8 to 10, 2 years
Another sign of attachment, (…), begins at 6-months and has been tested in the visual cliff scenario.
social referencing
Prenatal exposure to cocaine produces infants at high risk for (…), seizures, low birthweight, and reduced (…) circumference. They often exhibit (…), exaggerated (…),
SIDS, head, tremors, startle response
Piaget’s stages of development include: (…). A major accomplishment of the second stage is (…), which facilitates language.
Sensorimotor (0-2), preoperational (2-7), concrete operational (7-11), and formal operational (11+), symbolic function
Rutter’s indicators include: (…) discord, low SES, overcrowding, placement outside the home, parental (…), and maternal (…).
marital, criminality, psychopathology
Brain development grows dramatically in the first (…) years with increasing size of (…), (…) branching, and (…).
two years, existing neurons, dendrite, myelination
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is characterized by (…) deformities, MR, (…) retardation, physical defects and behavioral problems. FAE don’t include (…) and (…).
facial, growth, facial deformities and MR
Bowlby’s 4 stages of attachment development occur in the first (…) years of life and include: preattachment, (…), clearcut attachment, and formation of (…) relationships.
two years, attachment-in-the-making, reciprocal
Bowlby’s attachment style you often confuse with anxious type is really called: insecure/(…).
ambivalent
Maternal employment has been related to lower scores on (…) and (…) for upper-level boys.
IQ and academic achievement tests
Kagan found that level of inhibition is related to physiological (…) and is relatively stable.
responsivity
HeadStart program is associated with initial but not sustained higher (…) scores, better attitudes toward school, lower rates of attrition, higher scores on (…) tests, and are less likely to be in a (…) education class.
IQ, achievement tests, special education classes
Benefits from bilingualism tend to (…) by adolescence.
diminish
Object permenance is an accomplishment during the (…) stage. It occurs between (…) to (…) months.
sensorimotor, 8-12 months
Kubler-Ross’ Stages of Grief (5): (…).
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Morphemes express (…).
meaning
Developmental Milestones: 1-3 Months
raising chin, play with hands and fingers by 3rd month
Developmental Milestones: 4-6 Months
rolls onto back, 5-months sits on lap, 6-mo sits alone, 5-9 mos teeth appear
Developmental Milestones: 7-9 Months
8-9 months, begins crawling, 9-10 months pulls up to stand by holding furniture
Developmental Milestones: 10-12 Months
stands alone, walks with help, 12-months walks alone
Developmental Milestones: 13-15 Months
creeps up stairs, scribbles, uses cup well
Developmental Milestones: 16-24 Months
18 mos runs clumsily, walks up stairs by 24 months, kicks ball, 50% toilet trained during day
Developmental Milestones: 25-48 months
30 mos jumps both feet, 36 mos rides tricycle, dresses, completely toilet trained, 48 mos prefers right handedness
Emotional contagion is the earliest manifestation of empathy development which emerges in the (…) weeks of life.
first weeks of life
(…)-(…) syndrome involves MR and extreme obesity, caused by chromosomal (…).
Prader-Willi Syndrome, deletion
Empathy, jealousy, and embarrassment are apparent by (…) - (…) months of age.
18-24
Cerebral palsy can occur because of (…) damage, usually (…) birth. Damage can also occur from lack of (…) before birth.
brain, before, oxygen
Children can distinguish between fantasy and reality by age (…).
seven (7)
Kids start to describe themselves based on competencies in (…) (…) and personality in (…) (…).
early childhood, middle childhood
a (…) circular reaction occurs when an infant deliberately experiments to discover the results of an action.
tertiary
Colorblindness is a (…) gene carried on the (…) chromosome.
recessive, X
Werner and Smith study in Hawaii found that best protective factor for children was a (…) relationship with parent, grandparent, or other family member.
trusting
Deferred (…) occurs at approximately (…) months and involves (…) representation, an ability that fosters the capacity to replicate behaviors.
imitation, 18, mental
At what age does object permanence appears: (…) - (…) months.
8-12
What are the first facial emotions expressed by infants: (…), (…), (…), and disgust.
interest, sadness, distress
(…) is required for the development of reversibility.
symbolism
