Clinical Flashcards
(…) is an approach developed for ambivalent clients combining the (…) of change model with client-center therapy.
Motivational interviewing, stages
Motivational interviewing techniques include (OARS): (…)
Open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summaries.
Psych Inpatients vary based on (…) status, race, and (…).
relationship status, age
Psych Inpatients are more often (…) versus married or widowed, mostly (…) thought minorities are over-represented, and between (…) to 44.
never married, white, 25
(…) counselors interpret everyone’s reality through their own (…) and stereotypes, (…) cultural differences and their own biases.
Culturally encapsulated, assumptions, disregarding
(…)-context communication relies on shared cultural understanding and (…) cues. (…)-context communication relies mostly on the (…) message and is produced mostly by whites.
High, non-verbal, Low, verbal
Boyd-Franklin’s (…) model for African Americans incorporates extended family, community, and social services to address (…), multiple levels, and empowerment.
Multisystems, multiple systems
The (…) (…) model states behaviors are influenced by 1) person’s (…) based on perceived susceptibility, 2) person’s (…) of pros and cons, and 3) internal/external “(…)” that trigger response.
Health Belief, readiness, evaluation, “cues to action”
Berry describes (…) in four categories of adopting new culture: (…), assimilation, (…), or marginalization.
acculturation, integration, separation
Paranoia can be (…) or functional. Ridley said (…) is a healthy reaction to racism and fear of being hurt or misunderstood. (…) is due to pathology, non-disclosure regardless of therapist race, with suspicion and mistrust.
cultural, cultural, functional
Eysenck reviewed psychotherapy lit and found (…)% of people improved without therapy, 66% with eclectic, and (…)% with psychoanalysis. Apparent benefit is due to (…).
72%, 44%, spontaneous remission
Howard et. al found dose dependent effect: (…)% of patients show improvement after (…) sessions; at 52 sessions, it only increases to 85%.
75%, 26
Howard et. al described three phases of therapy: (…), remediation, and (…).
remoralization, rehabilitation
Mahler’s separation-individuation is object-relations theory, infant assumes her own (…) and psychological (…). This happens at (…) months of age. Psychopathology can be traced to this phase.
physical, identity, 4-5
Prochaska’s Transtheoretical Model includes 6 stages: (…). Interventions should be chosen to match client phase. Two factors that determine change of phases include: (…) and (…).
pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination; self-efficacy and decisional balance
Outcome research: (…) studies are clinical trials and (…) studies are correlational/quasi-experimental.
efficacy, effectiveness
Contrary to Eysenck, Smith et. al conducted a meta-analysis and found average effect size of (…), indicting typical patient 80% better off than untreated folks.
.85
Sue’s “worldview” involves a combination of two variables: (…) and (…). White middle-class folks are typically (…) and (…).
internal/external locus of control and internal/external locus of responsibility, IC-IR
Therapist-client matching may reduce (…) for members of some minority groups. More important factor is shared (…) and (…).
premature termination, values, worldview
The belief that all cultures share similar values is an (…) orientation, versus an (…) orientation that views cultures uniquely through their members’ perceptions.
etic, emic (me, my uniqueness)
Yalom believed groups have formative stages, to include: (…), (…), and development of cohesiveness. The (…) is most important for + outcome.
orientation, conflict, cohesiveness
Caplan had 4-types of mental health consultation: (…), consultee-centered, (…), and consultee-centered administrative.
client-centered, program-centered
Prevention methods include three types: (…). (…) go to (…) members of target group (…) developing disease. (…) go to (…) individuals with (…) signs of disease. (…) are designed to (…) the duration and consequences of disease.
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Primary, all, before, Secondary, at-risk, Tertiary, reduce
(…) is the tendency to attribute all symptoms to mental retardation. Can happen with other diagnoses.
Diagnostic overshadowing
Hypnosis may produce more (…) memories and may (…) confidence in validity of uncertain memories.
pseudomemories, exaggerate
(…) occurs in clinical supervision when the supervisee behaves toward supervisor mirroring therapeutic processes.
parallel process
(…) occurs when LGBT folks (…) negative stereotypes. Consequences include: (…), self-doubt, and (…) behavior. For men and women, coming out happens (…).
Internalized homophobia, internalize, low self-esteem, self-destructive, about the same time.
Interventions can be (…) or (…). (…) interventions focus on changing the (…) to fit the (…). (…) interventions are the other way around.
alloplastic, autoplastic, autoplastic, individual, environment, alloplastic
(…) communication is associated with schizophrenia and involves conflicting (…).
Double-bind, negative injunctions (“do that you’ll be punished” and “don’t do that and you’ll be punished”)
General systems theory suggests that systems are best understood as a whole. Family therapists view family as an (…) system. The concept of (…) describes this.
open, homeostasis
(…) refers to the shared knowledge of society’s negative regard for non-heterosexual everything.
sexual stigma
(…) refers to cultural ideologies that promote antipathy and violence against homosexuals.
heterosexism
(…) refers to negative attitudes based on sexual orientation. There are higher levels of heterosexist biases in these four demographics: (…).
sexual prejudice, men, older, less education, and rural folks.
Cultural competence involves 3 competencies: 1) a therapist’s (…) of cultural assumptions, 2) (…) about client’s world views, and 3) (…) to provide appropriate interventions.
awareness, knowledge, skills
Three psychodynamic therapies include: (…).
Freudian psychoanalysis, Jung’s analytical psychotherapy, Adler’s individual psychology
Freudian Psychoanalysis believes pathology occurs when the ego is unable to ward off (…) and (…) prop up the psyche (e.g. repression). They serve to (…) or (…) reality. Interventions include 4 types: (…) to analyze 4 things: free associations, dreams, (…) and (…).
anxiety, defense mechanisms, deny, distort, confrontation, clarification, interpretation, working through, resistance, and transferences
Jung views behavior as determined by (…) factors, including the (…) which is a repository of (…) passed down through the generations. The CU includes (…). His theory includes (…), the integration of conscious and unconscious aspects and the development of (…).
conscious and unconscious, collective unconscious, latent memory traces, archetypes, individuation, wisdom
Key concepts of Adlerian individual psychology, include: inferiority feelings, striving for superiority, and (…) - unifies aspects of personality. Px come from a mistaken (…) reflecting inadequate (…). Teological approach concerns motivation from (…) goals.
styles of life, styles of life, social interest, future
Gestalt therapy emphasizes (…) in the (…). Introjections are (…) disturbances. Transferences are (…) and focus is more on reality.
awareness, here-and-now, boundary, counterproductive
(…) therapy is effective for American Indians. It is a (…) treatment that incorporates (…) and contextualizes problems in the (…). Also include (…) and (…) approaches.
Network, multimodal, family/community, social network (e.g. family, community, work); client-centered, behavioral
(…) therapy focuses on personal choice and (…). Maladaptive behavior is a result of inability to (…) with the ultimate (…).
Existential, responsibility, cope, concerns of existence (e.g. death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness
Glasser’s (…) therapy is based on (…) theory, assuming people are responsible for their (…). People have 5 needs: (…), power, freedom, and fun.
reality, choice, choices, survival + love and belonging
Solution-focused therapy utilizes 3 questions: (…).
miracle, exception, scaling questions
IPT involves address 4 problem areas: (…)
unresolved grief, interpersonal role disputes, role transitions, and interpersonal deficits
Five family therapies are: (…).
Communication/interaction, extended family systems (Bowen), structural (Minuchin), strategic (Haley), and object relations.
Communication/interaction family therapy distinguishes between 2 communication patterns: (…).
Symetrical - between two equals with competitive one-upsmanship and Complimentary - between unequals and emphasizes their differences
Bowen’s (…) family therapy key terms are (…) and emotional triangles. The first is the ability to keep from becoming (…) with dominate family emotions. The goal is to (…) of all family members.
Extended family systems, differentiation, fused, increase the differentiation
Minuchin’s (…) alters the family’s (…) to change behavioral patterns. (…) are rules about contact between members. There are 3 types: (…).
structural family therapy, structure, boundaries; detouring, stable coalition, and triangulation.
Haley’s (…) focuses on (…) patterns. It uses specific strategies to produce (…) versus insight. They include (…) like ordeals, prescribing the symptom, and reframing to see the symptom in a new way.
strategic family therapy, communication, symptom relief, paradoxical interventions
Object Relations family therapy sees primary source of dysfunction as (…), which is the projection of (…). Goal is to resolve attachment to these (…) and involves addressing multiple (…).
projective identification, old introjects, introjects, transferences
Racial development models include (…)’s racial identity model, (…)’s White, and (…)’s Black.
Atkinson, Helms, Cross
Helm’s (…) racial identity model involves two phases: (…) and (…). 6 statuses include: contact, (…), reintegration, (…), immersion-emersion, and (…).
White, abandoning racism, developing nonracist white identity, disintegration, pseudo-independence, autonomy
Cross’s (…) racial identity model has 4 stages: (…), encounter, (…), and internalization. The (…) involves greater racial awareness and interest in developing a Black identity.
Black, preencounter, immersion-emersion, encounter
Atkinson’s (…) has 5 stages: (…), dissonance, resistance and immersion, (…), and (…).
racial identity model, conformity, introspection, and integrative awareness
Troiden’s Gay identity model has 4 stages: feeling different, (…), identity assumption, and (…).
self-recognition/identity confusion, commitment
Atkinson’s Dissonance stage is characterized by (…) and conflict.
confusion
Atkinson’s third stage, (…), involves active (…) of the dominant group.
Resistance and Immersion, rejection
Atkinson’s final stage, (…), is the adoption of a multicultural perspective.
integrative awareness
During Cross’s initial (…) stage, racial identity has low salience.
Preencounter
Helm’s white identity model includes a third stage, (…), in which the individual resolves internal conflict by accepting (…).
Reintegration, denigrating views of minority groups
Bowen and Minuchin family therapies both talk about relational boundaries, however Bowen only uses the term (…) and becoming (…) while Minuchin uses (…) and becoming (…).
differentiation, fused, boundaries, enmeshed
Someone planning to take action within six months is in the (…) stage, one month is in the (…) stage.
contemplation, preparation
The right of parents to inspect school records was established by the (…) Amendment.
Buckley
Self-in-relation theory applies (…) to (…) relations theory, tracing (…) differences back to (…)-(…) and (…)-(…) relationships. Nonsexist therapy focuses more on (…) causes of behavior and (…) change.
feminism, object-relations, gender, mother-daughter and mother-son, personal x 2
Ridley’s (…) paranoiac is when therapist ethnicity is the MOST important.
confluent
