Life Processes

Question 1

what are the four basic tissues

Answer 1

epithelial, muscle, connective, nervous

Question 2

what percent of the body is solids

Answer 2

40-45%

Question 3

what percent of the body is fluids

Answer 3

55-60%

Question 4

of the fluids in the body, what percent is ICF

Answer 4

66%

Question 5

of the fluids in the body, what percentage is ECF

Answer 5

33%

Question 6

of the ICF, what percent is interstitial fluid

Answer 6

80%

Question 7

of the ICF, what percent is blood and plasma

Answer 7

20%

Question 8

what kind of bonding does H2O have

Answer 8

covalent

Question 9

is water polar or non-polar

Answer 9

polar

Question 10

what are the layers of the cell membrane

Answer 10

hydrophilic exterior, hydrophobic middle, hydrophilic interior

Question 11

what molecules can pass the cell membrane

Answer 11

hydrophobic, gases and small polar molecules

Question 12

what molecules cannot cross the cell membrane without help

Answer 12

large polar or charged molecules cannot cross the hydrophobic layer

Question 13

what transport processes are active

Answer 13

Na+/K+ ATPase pump, exocytosis and endocytosis

Question 14

the phospholipid bilayer (cell membrane) is

Answer 14

semi-permeable

Question 15

cilia function to

Answer 15

move substances along

Question 16

microvilli function to

Answer 16

increase surface area

Question 17

function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

has enzymes to build lipids

Question 18

function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 18

has ribosomes to build proteins

Question 19

function of ribosomes

Answer 19

convert genetic code to amino acids to build proteins to transport them in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus

Question 20

function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 20

protein processing and packaging

Question 21

core temperature

Answer 21

37 degrees

Question 22

function of fibrinogen

Answer 22

plasma protein that creates a mesh at the wound to stop bleeding

Question 23

function of globulin

Answer 23

plasma protein that helps enhance blood clotting, form antibodies that immobilise pathogens

Question 24

function of platelets

Answer 24

small flat blood cells that form a plug at the wound

Question 25

erythrocytes

Answer 25

red blood cells

Question 26

albumin

Answer 26

most common plasma protein, half of protein in plasma, helps keep water in blood, restores blood volume after bleeding, helps transport other substances

Question 27

leukocytes

Answer 27

help recognise a foreign substance, release antibodies and inflammatory chemicals, kill bacteria and pathogens

Question 28

primary active transport

Answer 28

ATP is used directly, creates electrochemical gradients (Na+/K+ ATPase pump and endo/exocytosis)

Question 29

secondary active transport

Answer 29

uses electrochemical gradients created by primary active transport, the movement of one substance down its gradient drives the movement of another substance against its gradient

Question 30

feedforward

Answer 30

prepare for a change

Question 31

negative feedback

Answer 31

correct after a change

Question 32

what is a hypertonic solution

Answer 32

it has more solutes than in the cell so the cell will shrink

Question 33

what is an isotonic solution

Answer 33

has the same amount of solutes than the cell so the cell won’t change volume

Question 34

what is a hypotonic solution

Answer 34

has less solutes than in the cell so the cell will swell

Question 35

what is tonicity

Answer 35

the effect a solution has on a cell

Question 36

what is normal packed cell volume (cell volume in blood)

Answer 36

45-50%

Question 37

if blood is mixed with a hypertonic system what will happen to the packed cell volume

Answer 37

will be smaller

Question 38

what is haemolysis

Answer 38

when RBCs swell and burst