Life in an Age of Globalization (1990 onwards)

Question 1

emergence of globalization

Answer 1

1980s-1990s
globalization is the emergence of a freer, more technologically connected global economy, accompanied by a worldwide exchange of cultural, political, and religious ideas.

Question 2

new waves of legal and illegal immigration to Europe

Answer 2

1990s-2010s
in the 1990s most immigrants came from the former East bloc, later from Africa and most recently from the Middle East (many of them refugees).
economic possibilities were a major pull factor. asylum status for immigrants was made possible.

Question 3

Maastricht treaty

Answer 3

1991
the basis for the formation of the EU, which set financial and cultural standards for potential member states and defined criteria for membership in the monetary union.

Question 4

civil war in Yugoslavia

Answer 4

1991-2001

people involved were Serbians with president Milosevic, Slovenians, Croatians, Albanians, Bosnians.

Question 5

Decline of Russian economy

Answer 5

1992-1997
Russian leaders wanted to liven economy and opted for liberization at breakneck speed which backfired.
privatization resulted in powerful private monopolies and inflation ran rampant.
Oligarchs required immense wealth while majority of people saw their savings become worthless and living standards declining.

Question 6

creation of EU

Answer 6

1993

the economic, cultural, and political alliance of 28 European nations.

Question 7

protest against WTO in Seattle

Answer 7

1999
WTO, World Trade Organization, is a powerful supranational financial institution that sets trade and tariff agreements for over 150 member countries and so helps manage a large percentage of the world’s import-export policies. Like the IMF and the World Bank, the WTO promotes neoliberal policies around the world.
the protests was part of many of its kind and exemplified the antiglobalization movement.

Question 8

Resurgence of Russian economy under Putin

Answer 8

2000-2008
maintained relatively liberal economic policies but reestablished semi-authoritarian political rule.
during his first two terms his domestic and foreign policies proved very popular.

Question 9

9/11 terrorist attack on the US; war in Afghanistan begins

Answer 9

2001

this attacked also heightened the Muslim question in Europe. war with Afghanistan largely started due to 9/11.

Question 10

Euro replaces national currencies in Eurozone

Answer 10

2002

Question 11

Iraq War

Answer 11

2003-2011

largely caused by the 9/11 attack.

Question 12

train bombings in Madrid by Islamic extremists

Answer 12

2004

Question 13

Young Muslims riot in France; subway bombing in London by Islamic extremists

Answer 13

2005

Question 14

worldwide financial crisis begins

Answer 14

2008

Question 15

ratification of treaty of Lisbon; young Muslims riot in France

Answer 15

2009

Question 16

start of the Arab Spring

Answer 16

2011
a series of popular revolts in several countries in the Middle Eastand North Africa that sought an end to authoritarian, often pwestern-supported regimes.
Syrian civil war began with Putin backing al-Assad.
many refugees start to flood into Europe.

Question 17

mass protests against government austerity plans Greece and Spain

Answer 17

2012-2013

Question 18

France legalizes same-sex marriage

Answer 18

2013

Question 19

Russian Federation annexes Crimea; pro-Russian insurrection in eastern Ukraine

Answer 19

2014

Putin claimed to help out Russian people and invaded to support pro0Russian rebels.

Question 20

rise of the Islamic State

Answer 20

2014-2015
Islamic State (ISIS/ISIL) was a radical Islamist militia in control of substantial parts of central Syria and Iraq, where it applies an extremist version of shari'a law.

Question 21

Greek debt crisis; EU immigration emergency

Answer 21

2015-2016

Question 22

ethnic cleansing

Answer 22

the attempt to establish ethnically homogenous territories by intimidation, forced deportation, and killing.

Question 23

color revolutions

Answer 23

a series of popular revolts and insurrections that challenged regional politicians and Russian interests in the former Soviet republics during the first decade of the 21st century.

Question 24

NGOs

Answer 24

non-governmental organizations are independent organizations with specific agendas, such as humanitarian aid or environment protection, that conduct international programs and activities.

Question 25

diasporas

Answer 25

enclaves of ethnic groups settled outside of their homelands.

Question 26

multiculutralism

Answer 26

the mixing of ethnic styles in daily life and in cultural works such as film, music, art, and literature.

Question 27

war on terror

Answer 27

American policy under president Bush to fight global terrorism in all its forms.

Question 28

Muslim Bortherhood

Answer 28

Islamic social and political reform group founded in Egypt in 1928 that called for national liberation from European control and a return to shari’a law, and demanded land reform, extensive social welfare programs, and economic independence.

Question 29

climate change

Answer 29

changes in long-standing weather patterns caused primarily by CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.